Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
UNIT 5 - CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 5 - CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
DEFINITION
A progressive and irreversible respiratory condition characterized by chronic airflow limitation due to airway and alveolar abnormalities, often caused by long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, such as cigarette smoke
KEY POINTS
LIMITED AIRFLOW: due to thick and swollen bronchioles that have become deformed with excessive sputum production and this narrows the airways
INABILITY TO FULLY EXHALE: due to loss of elasticity of the alveoli sacs from damage and sacs start to develop air pockets
IRREVERSIBLE: can only be managed with lifestyle changes and medications
HAPPENS GRADUALLY
RISK FACTORS
smoking
Occupational exposures
Childhood respiratory symptoms
Middle and old age
genetic factors
socioeconomic status
BRONCHITIS
inflammation of the bronchi causes increased mucus production and chronic coughh
Chronic irritation causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucus glands and impaired cilliary action
EMPHYSEMA
Chronic destructive disease of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli
Walls of the adjacent alveoli breakdown, alveolar ducts dilate and there is a loss of interstitial elastic tissue
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Dyspnea on exertion
wheeze and a productive
breathlessness
weight loss
waking at night
chest pain
SOB
Barrel chest
Clubbing of nails
Cyanosis
COMPLICATIONS
respiratory insufficiency
respiratory failure
pneumonia
Atelectasis
Pneumothorax
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Bronchodilators
corticostreoids
MANAGEMENT OF EXACERBATIONS
DEFINITION: an event in the natural course of the disease characterized by an acute change in the pts baseline dyspnea, cough, or sputum production beyond the normal day to day variations
oxygen therapy: to prevent acute dyspnea
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
BULLECTOMY: lung volume reduction surgery - removal of a protion of the diseased lung parenchyma
LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
PULMONARY REHABILITATION
GOALS OF REHABILITATION
to reduce symptoms
To improve quality of life
Increased physcial and emotional participation in everyday activities
BENEFITS OF THIS THERAPY
improvement of exercise capacity
reduction of the percieved intensity of breathlessness
improvement in health related quality of life
reduction in the number of hospitalization
reduction of anxiety and depression associated with COPD
INCLUDES:
assessment
education
smoking cessation
physical reconditioning
nutritional counselling
skills training
psychological support
NURSING MANAGEMENT
promoting smoking cessation
improving gas exchange
achieving airway clearance
maintain activity intolerance
promote nutrition intake
Risk of infection
HEALTH EDUCATION
disease condition and prognosis
Diet ( HIgh calorie diet)
Life style modifications
smoking cessation
Avoiding extremes of hot and cold
Avoid triggers like pollen, dust, strong odor
Medication and potential side effects
ways to identify infection and avoid infection