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Enzymes, L, Walsamakis, Cepparo, Gemiganni, Blanco, Arenas, Allona,…
Enzymes
Parts of a metabolic reaction
Active site
Product
substrate
Enzyme
Enzyme-substrate complex
Biological catalyst
Naming enzymes
They usually end in -ase
Sucrase
Maltase
Lipases
Carbohydrases
Amylase
Protease
Catalase
Catalyst
Chemicals that speed up reactions.
They alter the rate of a chemical reaction .
They are not used up in the reaction.
Metabolic reactions
Chemical reactions that happen all time in living organisms
Without enzymes, the reactions would take place very slowly or not at all
How enzymes work
Each type of enzyme has molecules with a very specific shape. The enzyme molecule has 'dent' in it called active site.
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An enzyme works by allowing a molecule of it's substrate to fit into the active site, where the substrate and the enzyme bind together. For this to happen, the fit has to be perfect. We say that the shape of the substrate are complementary.
When the substrate is in the active site and bound to the enzyme, the enzyme makes the substrate change into a new substance called the product. Then the product breaks away from the enzyme. Now the enzyme is free, and ready to bind with another substrate molecule.
Factors that affect enzymes
Ph level
Enzymes also have an optimum pH. For most enzymes, this is around pH 7. However, there are some enzymes that work best in a much higher or lower pH than this. For example, the stomach can work at 2pH.
When an enzyme is placed in a liquid with a pH that is not its optimum p, it is damaged. The enzyme is denatured and cannot catalyse its reaction.
Temperature
if the temperature is too high, the active site is damaged, so the substrate is no longer complementary. then, if the temperature is too low, there is not enough kinetic energy. all enzymes have an optimal range, which is a temperature at which the enzyme works.
grafics:
L
Walsamakis, Cepparo, Gemiganni, Blanco, Arenas, Allona, Gutierrez, Mazzaro, Molinari