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People and Groups of New France - Coggle Diagram
People and Groups of New France
Sovereign Council
Governer
Dealt with trade with the First Nations
Controlled the military and looked after the defense of the colony
Intendant
Looked for ways to exploit the colony for the benefit of New France
Chief administrator. Made the colony less dependant on New France
Worked to keep the colony in good order
Bishop of Quebec
Provided spiritual guidance and funded schools, hospitals, and orphanages
Played a role in governing the colony. Was consulted by Catholic people before making important decisions
Represented the Catholic Church, as religion played an important role in the colony
Soldiers
Soldiers
Came to New France to defend the colony against the Haudenosaunee and the British
Officers were given seigneuries by the King to make their soldiers come to New France
Many chose this military career because they needed to make a living
Farmers
Habitants
Habitants were really poor and in some cases, seigneurs owned them. They had to pay the seigneur's miller to grind their grain into flour, and they had to build a house and grow crops on their seigneurie
Some habitants neglected their farms because they found the fur trade an easier way to make a living in New France
They were mostly farmers who lived on seigneuries, plots of land owned by seigneurs
Seigneurs
Had to build a house for themselves, and a flour mill and a church for habitants
They received land as grants from the king of France. To keep these grants, they had to recruit habitants to farm it
They were landlords. Most of them were from noble families, but women and commoners could become Seigneurs too
Fur Traders
Coureur de Bois
Merchants
Those merchants would trade manufactured products from France with First Nations such as the Innu, Ouendat, and Anishinabe for furs. They would also sometimes buy furs from Coureur de Bois
These merchants shipped the furs to France, where they sold them, but they would not always get a profit
Merchants could be blacksmiths, shoemakers, masons, bakers and butchers, but many of them made their living on the fur trade
Their name means "runners of the woods" because they would run into the forest to seek trade with other First Nations groups. They traded with First Nations peoples for furs, which they sold
They worked independently for themselves. Which means that they did not work for others, but gained income for themselves
They secretly sold furs anywhere they could, even in British colonies, after the government of New France made independent trading illegal.
Voyagers
Voyager means "traveler" in French. They transported furs and goods over long distances. They traveled on land by foot, and on water by canoe
Traveled between the fur merchants of Montreal and the fur trading posts of the Great Lakes
The Catholic Church/Clergy
The church established schools, hospitals, and orphanages in New France, and played an important role in governing the colony
The Clergy were among the few people in the colony that could read and write. People consulted them before making important decisions, sometimes important decisions that affected the politics and the economy of the colony
Jesuits, a Catholic religious order, played an important role in the Catholic church presence in New France. They converted indigenous peoples such as the Mi'kmaq, Kichesiprini, the Haudenosaunee, and the Ouendat to their faith and formed missions amongst them. They learned and documented their languages