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Heraclitus Heraklit “Heraclitus the Obscure.”, image - Coggle Diagram
Heraclitus
“Heraclitus the Obscure.”
Biography
540 - 484 BC
Pre-Socratic Philosopher
viewed as arrogant
Understanding of the Arche
proposed fire as the fundamental element of the universe
“All things are an exchange for fire and fire for all
things.”
remains unclear if Heraclitus used fire as a literal fire, or metaphorically to represent tranfor,mation
Metaphysical explanation
Flux and change
natural world is in a state of constant change
“It is not possible to step twice into the same river.”
Change is not chaotic; it follows an underlying order.
Logos (Order and Reason)
Logos - governs all changes in the world
This concept refers to a rational principle underlying nature, giving coherence to the flux of existence.
Unity of Opposites
Apparent opposites are interconnected and essential for the identity of things:
“The road up and the road down are one and the same.”
Opposites transform into one another, creating balance and continuity.
Perspective on Conflict
Strife and conflict as fundamental forces shaping the universe:
“War is the father of all and king of all.”
To Heraclitus, even apparent evils in the world contribute to its perfection when seen from a broader perspective, akin to divine understanding.
MLA
: Chapter 2 “The Beginnings of Western Philosophy: The Pre-Socratics” pp 12-34, in Evans, C. Stephen, A History of Western Philosophy: From Pre-socratics to Postmodernism, Downers Grove, Illinois, InterVarsity Press, 2018
