1)Leaders and Non-Leaders
-Leaders are found to be brighter, extroverted and self-confident compared to non-leaders.
2) Effective and Ineffective Leaders
-Effective leaders are found to be intelligent, have initiative, have supervisory ability and self-assured
-Effective leadership does not depend on a particular set of traits but rather on how well the leader's traits match the required situation.
3) Characteristic of Effective Leaders
-Personality, i.e. self-esteem, dominance , emotional stability.
-Aptitude, i.e. general intelligence, verbal fluency, creativity.
-Motivation: directing, inspiring.
-Honesty: trust, commitment
-Self-confidence: diplomatic, socially skilled
-Conceptual ability: understand complex situations and create solutions
-Business knowledge: skills, resourceful, experience