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Organ Systems: A group of organs that work together in performing vital…
Organ Systems: A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions. pg 274
Integumentary System: The organ system consisting of the skin and related structures (hair, nails, etc.) that helps protect the body. pg 278
Homeostasis: The steady state of body functioning; the tendency to maintain relatively constant conditions in the internal environment even when the external environment changes. pg 278
Negative Feedback: A control mechanism in which a chemical reaction, metabolic pathway, or hormone-secreting gland is inhibited by the products of the reaction, pathway, or gland. As the concentration of the products builds up, the product molecules themselves inhibit the process that produced them. pg 279
Tissue Types: The cells collected together in a tissue usually look similar to each other, with a structure that correlates with the tissue’s function. pg 276
Connective: Tissue consisting of cells held in an abundant extracellular matrix. pg 276
Epithelial: A sheet of tightly packed cells lining organs and cavities; also called epithelium. pg 277
Nervous: Tissue made up of neurons and supportive cells. pg 277
Muscular: Muscle tissue is abundant in most animals, making up much of the “meat” that we consume. It consists of bundles of long cells called muscle fibers, each of which contains specialized proteins that allow it to contract (shorten). pg 217
Muscular System: Your muscular system contains smooth muscle, which lines some of your organs, such as the digestive tract and blood vessels; cardiac muscle, which is found exclusively in the heart; and skeletal muscle, which attaches to bones and allows movement. pg 318
What Can Go Wrong: anyone can develop osteoporosis, characterized by a low bone mineral density. pg 317
Sliding Filament
Model: Every muscle fiber contains many myofibrils, and each myofibril consists of a long series of sarcomeres arranged end-to-end. pg 319
Muscle Contraction: The contraction of striated muscle produces voluntary movements of the body. pg 318
Nervous System: The organ system that forms a communication and coordination network throughout an animal’s body. pg 318
Organization: There, the information is integrated, and response commands (if any) are issued via the PNS.pg 311
Sensory Input: If you see a soccer ball coming and move to kick it, your action involves the three interconnected functions of the nervous system—sensory input, integration, and motor output. pg 311
Integration: integration, and motor output pg 311
Motor Output: If you see a soccer ball coming and move to kick it, your action involves the three interconnected functions of the nervous system—sensory input, integration, and motor output. pg 311
What Can Go Wrong: Diseases and injuries that affect the nervous system can have a profound impact. pg 310
Neurons: A nerve cell; the fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous system, specialized for carrying signals from one location in the body to another. pg 310
Central Nervous System: The integration and command center of the nervous system including the brain and, in vertebrates, the spinal cord. pg 310
Spinal Cord: In vertebrates, a jellylike bundle of nerve fibers located within the vertebral column. The spinal cord and the brain together make up the central nervous system. pg 310
Meninges: Layers of connective tissue that enwrap and protect the brain and spinal cord. pg 310
Brain: the master control center of the central nervous system, which is involved in regulating and controlling body activity and interpreting information from the senses. pg 310
Peripheral Nervous System: The network of nerves carrying signals into and out of the central nervous system. pg 310
Sensory Receptors: A cell that detects a stimulus in the outside world and conveys that information to the central nervous system. pg 314
Skeletal System: The organ system that provides body support; protects body organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs; and anchors the muscles. pg 316
Muscle Fibers: Muscle cell. pg 318
Joints: bA location where bones meet that allows for complex skeletal movements. pg 316
Bones: A type of connective tissue consisting of living cells held in a rigid matrix of collagen fibers embedded in calcium salts. pg 316