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Physics Ib - Coggle Diagram
Physics Ib
C: wave behavior
C3: Wave phenomena
Diffraction
Diffraction refers to the bending and spreading of waves as they pass around obstacles or through small openings. Diffraction is most noticeable when the wavelength of the wave is comparable to the size of the obstacle or opening.
interference
Constructive
Occurs when two waves are in phase (their crests and troughs align). The resulting wave has a larger amplitude, as the displacements from the two waves add together.
Destructive
Occurs when two waves are out of phase (the crest of one wave meets the trough of another), resulting in a smaller amplitude or cancellation of the wave
Reflection
The angle at which the wave strikes the boundary (the angle of incidence) is equal to the angle at which it reflects (the angle of reflection). Reflection happens with all types of waves—sound, light, and water waves.
Refraction
Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The change in speed of the wave as it enters a new medium causes it to change direction. Refraction depends on the properties of the two media and the wavelength of the wave.
Energy transfer
Waves carry energy from one place to another without transferring matter. The energy in a wave is related to its amplitude and frequency, and the rate of energy transfer depends on the wave type.
wave propagation
Wave propagation refers to the movement of waves through a medium or in space. Waves can propagate in different directions, and the speed of wave propagation depends on the properties of the medium
C2: Wave model
A wave is a disturbance or oscillation that transfers energy through space or a medium, without the physical transfer of matter. Waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases (mechanical waves) or through the vacuum of space
Types
Mechanical
transverse
In transverse waves, the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation
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electromagnetic
These do not require a medium and can propagate through the vacuum of space. Electromagnetic waves consist of electric and magnetic fields oscillating perpendicular to each other.
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C.5: Doppler effect
The Doppler Effect refers to the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave
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A: space, time and motion
A3: Work, energy and power
work is defined as the process of energy transfer when a force is applied to an object, causing it to move in the direction of the force
Energy is the ability to do work or produce change. It is a scalar quantity, meaning it has magnitude but no direction, and it is measured in joules (J).
Power is the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transferred or converted. It tells us how quickly energy is used or work is performed. Power is measured in watts (W)
A2: Forces and momentum
Newton's laws
First Law (Inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force.
Second Law: The acceleration of an object is proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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