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Photosynthesis, Photosynthesis is when plants, algae, and photosynthetic…
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- Photosynthesis is when plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy (carbohydrates).
- It involves the use of carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and light energy to produce carbohydrates and oxygen (O2).
- Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, organelles found in plant and algae cell.
- Chloroplasts have an outer and inner membrane and a thylakoid membrane.
- The stroma is the fluid-filled region between the thylakoid and inner membranes.
- Light Reactions capture light energy to produce ATP, NADPH, and O2.
- These reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane.
- Pigments like chlorophyll absorb light energy, which is then used to excite electrons.
- The excited electrons are transferred through an electron transport chain (ETC) to generate ATP and NADPH.
- The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to fix CO2 into carbohydrates.
- It occurs in the stroma
- The Calvin cycle has three main phases: carbon fixation, reduction and carbohydrate production, and generation of RuBP.
- C3 plants incorporate CO2 into RuBP to make a three-carbon molecule (3-phosphoglycerate).
- C4 plants minimize photorespiration by spatially separating carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle.
- CAM plants separate carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle temporally.
- Heterotrophs obtain organic molecules from food, while autotrophs make their organic molecules.
- Photoautotrophs use light energy to make organic molecules.
- An energy cycle occurs in the biosphere where photosynthesis uses light, CO2, and H2O to make organic molecules, and cellular respiration breaks down organic molecules to release energy as ATP.
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