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Motion of forces - Coggle Diagram
Motion of forces
5: Machines
5.1: machines help people do work
Machines change the way force is applied
A machine is any device that helps people do work
Changing size and direction
Changing direction
Mechanical Advantage of a machine
the number of times a machine multiplies the input force is called the machines mechanical advantage (MA)
Mechanical advantage = output force/ input force
Work transfers energy
Energy
Work
Output work is always less than input work
A machine's efficiency is the ratio is it's output work to the input work.
Efficiency and energy
Increasing efficiency
Efficiency (%) = output work/ input work x 100
5.2: Six simple machines have many uses
There are six simple machines
Simple machines are the six machines on which all other mechanical machines are based
Lever
A lever is a solid bar that rotates, or turns, around a fixed point.
The fixed point is called the fulcrum
Wheel and axle
A wheel and axle is a simple machine made is a wheel attaches to a shaft or axle
Pulley
a pulley is a wheel with a grooves rim and a rope or cable that rides in the groove
Inclined Plane
A ramp is an inclined plane, a simple machine that is a sloping surface
Wedge
A wedge is a simple machine that has a thick end and a thin end
Screw
a screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder or cone to form a spiral
The mechanical advantage of a machine can be calculated
IMA = d in/ d out
IMA = R in/ r out
MA = F out/ F in
IMA = l/h
5.3: Modern technology uses compound machines
Compound machines are combinations of simple machines
A machine made of two or more simple machines is called a compound machine
Gears
Mechanical advantage of compound machines
Modern technology creates new uses for machines
Microtechnology and nanotechnology
These extremely tiny machines are products of nanotechnology
Robots
A robot is a machine that works atomatically or by remote control