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Unit 8 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 15th century
      - harmonious spaces based on mathematical and geometrical studies
      - most important architects
        
        Alberti
        
        Brunelleschi
    - - 15th century
      - techniques of depth and perspective
        
        Masaccio or Piero della Francesca
      - most important artist in this period was Botticelli
    - - 15th century
      - Ghiberti
        
        Gates of Paradise
      - Donatello
        
        balanced sculptures of nudes with serene facial expressions
  - - - 16th century
      - respect ancient architectural orders
      - Bramante designed the most important building of the century: St. Peter’s Basilica, in the Vatican
    - - 16th century
      - Michelangelo’s paintings are examples of monumentality and mastery of depth
      - Raphael was a prolific painter
      - Venetian School
      - Titian and Tintoretto were prominent members of this school
    - - 16th century
      - Michelangelo
        
        sculptor, an architect and a painter
        
        style called terribilità
        
        contained strength and great expressiveness of the figures
- - - - ANTROPOCENTRISM
        
        And is the measure of all the things in the universe.
        
        Is a philosophical doctrine which says that the human is the centre of all the things.
      - THE RIVAL OF THE ANTIQUITY
        
        Petrarch and Giovanni studied antiquity
        
        They revised classical thinking, in order to make it compatible with Christian values.
      - THE LOVE OF KNOWLEDGE
        
        Humanist believed that a person's prestige not only depended on their wealth and power, but also on their education.
    - - SIR THOMAS MORE
        
        Important English lawyer an author
        
        Defend the right of the individual conscience
      - CARDINAL CISNEROS
        
        Set up the University of Alcalá de Henares as a centre of theology
      - ERASMUS OF ROTTERDAM
        
        Born in Netherlands
        
        He called for reform based on an individual freedom of choice
  - - - Johannes Gutenberg
      - invented the movable-type printing press
      - 1440
    - - Heliothentric Theory
        
        Nicolas Copernicus
        
        16th
      - Geothentric Theory
        
        2nd
        
        Ptolemy
    - - Miguel Servet
        
        theory of pulmonary circulation of blood
      - Paracelsus
        
        development of pharmacology
      - Vesalius
        
        treaty of anatomy
    - - Earth was spherical
      - cartography
      - Maps were created based on the world map drawn by Gerardus Mercator, in 1569
      - parallels and meridians
- - - - painters combined the humanist concepts of Italian painting with the style developed in Flanders
      - Albrecht Dürer, Hans Holbein
    - - Louvre in Paris and châteaux such as the one in Blois
    - - Painting
        
        Flemish Primitives
        
        realistic figures
  - - - representative of the reign of Carlos V
      - Characteristics
        
        Classical decorative motifs
        
        Medallions decorated with reliefs
        
        Classical architectural elements
    - - Royal Site of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
      - Characteristics
        
        Classical architectural elements
        
        Geometrical shapes
        
        Plain, austere buildings
    - - 15th century and the first quarter of the 16th century
      - ornamented façade
        
        ornately decorated
    - - Function
        
        church, palace, pantheon and royal residence, library and monastery
      - Decoration
        
        features on the walls are doors and windows
      - Ground plan
        
        It is square, with several courtyards around the church
      - General layout of the building
        
        mainly horizontal
      - Architects
        
        Juan Bautista de Toledo
        
        Juan de Herrera
      - Floor plan of the monastery
        
        built under the orders of Felipe II in honour of the Spanish victory at the Battle of St. Quentin
    - - 15th and 16th centuries
      - Gothic and Renaissance
      - Flamboyant Gothic (popular in 15th)