Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
UNIT 8 01 Humanism and Knowledge - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 8 01 Humanism and Knowledge
Humanism
Humanism was a cultural movement that began in the 14th century.
Humans and their intelligence became the main concerns of the humanists. The main characteristics of Humanism are
The revival of antiquity
The humanist scholars Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio studied antiquity.
The love of knowledge
Humanists believed that a person's prestige not only depended on their wealth and power, but also on their education.
Anthropocentrism
Humans were at the centre of historical events.
Humanists artists and thinkers were suppoerted by patrons. In some of these cities, humanists created academies to teach their ideas and develop new ones.
Sir Thomas More
He was an important English lawyer and author. He defended the right of the individual consience against the power of the state.
Cardinal Cisneros
Cardinal Cisneros ste up the University of Alcala de Henares as a centre of theology, a study revived by the humanists.
Eramus of Rotterrdam
He was born in the Netherlands. He called for reform based on an individual's freedom of choice.
The spread of Knowledge
The printing press
Around 1440, Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press. It improved literacy, and intellectual life was no longer restricted to monasteries and universities
Scientific knowledge
During the Renaissance, thinkers and academics became interested understanding the world that ocurred in it.
The aim was to find a well-reasoned explanation for natural phenomena and provide empirical evidence.
Medicine
Although there was widespread oppostion to clinical trials, the following advances were made:
The theory if pulmonary circulation of blood by Miguel Servet.
The development if pharmacology by Swiss physician Paracelsus.
The treaty of anatomy by Vesalius, who was born in Flanders.
Geography
During this period, it was established that the Earth was spherical. Modern cartography also began. Maps were created based on the world map drawn by Gerardus Mercator, in 1569.
Astronomy
In the 16th century, Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory.This theory contradicted the geocentric theory developed by Ptolemy in the 2nd century.