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Fats, Oils & Their Products, applications, key processes, key types -…
Fats, Oils & Their Products
types of lipids > incl. oils, fats & grease + play roles in nutrition, taste & food preparation
nutritional quality
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contain essential fatty acids + help transport vitamins (eg. A, D, E & K)
sensory quality
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invisible fats: hidden in foods eg. eggs, milk, meat, avocados & legumes
enhance flavor, aroma, color & texture > making food more enjoyable
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types of fat products
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spreadable fats: butter, margarine or similar
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non-food uses: some fats are used in cosmetics, lubricants or other industries
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chemical position
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unsaponifiable residue: non-fat molecules eg. hydrocarbons, sterols, carotenoids, tocopherols & antioxidants
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types of fats
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land animal fats: found in domestic animals (eg. pork, beef, lamb)
plant-based fats & oils: obtained from seeds, nuts & fruits (eg. olive oil, coconut oil)
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modified fats: processed or altered fats for specific properties (eg. margarine or hydrogenated oils)
land animal fats: storage fats > found in the abdominal cavity of surrounding organs + obtained through a melting process
pork fat (lard)
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main components: oleic (36-53%), palmitic (21-29%) & stearic acid (7-21%)
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composition of butter
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high in cholesterol & fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E & K)
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cocoa butter
fat composition: palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0) & oleic acid (18:1)
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olive oil
high in oleic acid (60-80%), antioxidants & vitamin E
extra virgin (highest quality, <0.8% acidity)
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virgin, lampante (refining required) & olive pomace oil
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corn germ oil: byproduct of starch production + used in margarines, mayonnaise & salad oils
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sunflower oil
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yellow, mild flavor & stable due to its high oleic acid content + used in margarine, frying & salads
soybean oil
mild flavor & light yellow color + used in cooking oil, margarine & shortening
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peanut oil
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yellow, peanut flavor & high in Arachidic & Behenic Acid
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fat substitutes
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retain physical, chemical & sensory properties of fats
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applications
health & nutrition
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polyunsaturated fats (omega-6/3): found in sunflower & linseed oils + essential for the body but oxidize easily
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culinary uses
oils like olive, avocado & sunflower > common for cooking & seasoning
stable oils (palm, coconut) > favored for frying
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