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Nervous System Rosa Reyes; P5 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System Rosa Reyes; P5
Major Functions
Sensory Input
: Information received by sensory receptors about internal/ external changes
Integration
: Processing / interpretation of sensory input
Motor output
: Activation of effector organs produces response
Major Divisions and Subdivisions (CNS/ PNS)
CNS ; Central Nervous System. Brain/ Spinal cord
PNS ; Peripheral. Cranial / Spinal nerves
Sensory Division (Afferent) ; Somatic/ visceral sensory nerve fibers.
Motor Division (Efferent) ; Motor nerve fibers
Autonomic Nervous ; Visceral (involuntary) nerve fibers
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Somatic Nervous ; Somatic (Voluntary) motor nerve fibers
Tissues
(Neurons/ Neuroglia)
Neuroglia (Glial cells)
: Small cells surrounding & wrapping delicate neurons
Neurons (nerve cells)
: Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals
Classification of Neurons
Multipolar ; 3+ processes (1 axon, others dendrites)
Bipolar ; 2 Processes (1 axon, 1 dendrite)
Unipolar ; 1 T-like process (2 axons)
Connective Tissue Coverings
Endoneurium
; Most inner
Perineurium
; middle
Epineurium
; Most outer
Major Parts/ Functions of Brain
Gray Matter
; Localizes sensory inputs. Controls voluntary muscle activity. Intellectual / emotional processing.
Basal Nuclei
; Controls muscle movements
Thalamus
; Relays sensory impulses for interpretation. Memory processing
Hypothalamus
; Regulates body temp. Regulates hormonal output. Acts as endocrine organ. Involuntary NS
Reticular Formation
; Regulates skeletal/ visceral activity. Maintains alertness
Limbic System
; Mediates emotional response. Involved in memory processing
Cerebellum
;Process infor. Responsible for balance/ posture
Pons
; Contains projection fibers
Midbrain
;Visual / auditory centers. Contains projection fibers
Major Parts/ Functions of Spinal Cord
Major Parts
Epidural space ; Filum terminale ; Denticulate ligaments ; spinal nerves ; cauda equina
Functions : Provides two-way communication to/ from brain and body.
Action Potential and Nerve Impulse
End plate potential
Depolarization
Repolarization
Cranial Nerves
12 pairs total.
l. Olfactory
ll. Optic
lll. Oculomotor
lv. Trochlear
v. Trigeminal
vl. Abducens
vll. Facial
vll. Vestibulocochlear
lx. Glossopharyngeal
x. Vagus
xl. Accessory
xlll. Hypoglossal
Spinal Nerves
31 Pairs total. 8 Pairs of cervical (C1-C8)
12 pairs of thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
5 Pairs of lumbar nerves (L1-L5)
5 Pairs of sacral nerves (S1-S5)
1 pair of tiny coccygeal nerve ( C0)
Neurotransmitters
ACh : Released by cholinergic fibers
Nicotine receptors
Muscemic receptors
NE : released by adrenergic fibers
Alpha (A) receptors=
Beta (B) receptors
Compare/ Contrast Autonomic NS
Similar ; Both have motor fibers
Difference ; Somatic innervates skeletal system. ANS innervates cardiac, smooth muscles and glands
Difference ; SNS cell bodies in CNS; single/ thick. ANS uses two neuron chains Pregangliac in CNS ; thin/ lightly myelinated. Postganglionic out CNS
Difference ; Somatic releases ACh and effect is stimulatory. AND preganglionic fibers release ACh at effectors, effect is stimulatory . inhibitory
Reflex Arc
Visceral has 2 consecutive neurons in motor pathway
Afferents fibers are visceral sensory neurons
Effectors are smooth, cardiac muscles and glands
Disorders/ Diseases
Hypertension ( High blood pressure)
Raynaud's Disease
Autonomic dysreflexia
Drugs of Abuse (Mouse Party)
Heroine
Ecstasy
Marijuana
Meth
Alcohol
Cocaine
LSD