Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Green crime - Coggle Diagram
Green crime
Who commits green crime
Private business organisations - through pursuit of profit, pollution, taking advantage of loopholes in laws
States and governments - largest institutional polluter (eg. war, bombs, nuclear weapons)
Organised crime - states use organised crime groups to dispose of their waste illegally (eg. nuclear hazardous waste)
Individuals - littering, driving cars, flytipping, not recycling
Analysis (AO3)
2021 / 2023, illegally dumped 72 billion litres of sewage
-
-
-
-
Analysis (AO3)
Study on how the Italian Mafia is paid by the Italian government to dispose of the government nuclear waste in the Bay of Naples
-
-
Evaluation (AO3)
ULEZ zones implemented by the government - taking responsibility to make green crimes against the law
-
-
-
-
Companies advertise as green companies (eg. Formula 1 is aiming to be net zero and planting trees to help)
Individuals, governments, and companies are more conscious of green crime
-
-
Definition
Important to research green crime as it looks at the acts that are typically ignored through traditional criminology
-
Pollution, dumping rubbish, and acts like this aren't crimes, but also cause harm and are of interest
Traditional criminology is defined by criminal laws, whereas Situ and Emmons define crime as 'an unauthorised act or omission that violates the law'
Green criminology involves crimes against the environment - linked to globalisation and the increased interconnection of society
South et al
Primary green crime
-
Eg. pollution, shooting pigeons, drug pollution
Secondary green crime
Any action that is the result of breaking laws that are specifically designed to protect the environment
Eg. breaking health and safety laws, fox hunting (all breaking laws)
Beck
-
Individuals, as a response, become more risk conscious / risk aware
Green crime has created more risk (eg. pollution, global warming, extreme weather)
Actions are reflecting the risks they face - recycle, raise awareness about issue of green crime, managing risks
-
AO2
In the Amazon, forest has been cleared to rear beef cattle for export
-
Between 1960 and 1990, 1/5 of the world's tropical rainforest was destroyed
AO2
The use of nuclear energy creates a growing problem for nuclear waste disposal and increasing risks of accidents
Eg. Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine, 1986
-
Victims of green crime
-
White
-
Different definitions of laws around the world means that developed countries can take advantage of less developed countries' laws
-
-
-
Analysis (AO3)
The Telegraph (2022) found that Oxfam clothes end up in landfills in Ghana, despite its pledge that 'zero per cent' of charity shop donations will meet such a fate
-
-