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Polycystic Kidney Disease - Coggle Diagram
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Clinical Manifestations
Hypertension
Abdominal pain/discomfort
UTI
Kidney stones
Kidney failure
Hematuria or proteinuria
Cardiovascular issues
Increased risk of problems with heart valves
Increased risk of cerebral aneurysms
Treatment Modalities
Dialysis
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis
Kidney Transplant
Renal Protective Medications
HTN control by ACE inhibitors or Calcium Channel Blockers
Tolvaptan: slows cyst growth in early stages of PKD (only for ADPKD)
Diet modifications: reduce sodium & protein, increasing fluid intake
Regular monitoring of blood work, urinalysis, CT scans/ultrasounds/MRIs
Multi-system alterations in Fxn
Renal
Decline in Kidney Function due to disruption of renal structure
Cyst formation (causes kidney enlargement)
Hematuria
Proteinuria
Hypertension due to cyst growth and changes in kidney function
Cardiovascular
Hypertension
Increased risk of Aneurysms
Abnormalities of Heart Valves
Liver
Hepatic Cysts & Hepatic Cirrosis
Central Nervous System
Intracranial Aneurysms & Headaches
Gastrointestinal System
Increased prevalence of Diverticulosis
Abdominal Pain
Respiratory System
Increased incidence of sleep apnea
Cystic lungs
Musculoskeletal System
Increased back and abdominal pain due to enlarged kidneys
Increased risk of osteopenia due to calcium & phosphate imbalances due to decrease in kidney function
Altered Physiology causing PKD
Mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes cause cells on kidney tubules to proliferate in an abnormal manner, and allow the growth of fluid-filled cysts
Cyst formation causes alterations in pathways of cellular signaling of regulation of cell growth, tissue remodeling, fluid secretion
Cysts grow in size over time as well as more cysts accumulate, and can cause renal failure
Cysts limit kidneys ability to filter waste out from the blood
Cysts can cause scarring that damages the kidneys
Brief Explanation: PKD is a genetic disorder that is characterized by the unregulated growth of multiple fluid-filled cysts on and within the kidneys
Two main types of PKD:
Autosomal Recessive PKD (ARPKD)
More rare, presents itself in infancy or early childhood, and both parents need to carry the gene
Autosomal Dominant PKD (ADPKD)
Most common, often not diagnosed until adulthood, and is inherited from one parent who is affected