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Simple Patterns of Inheritance - Coggle Diagram
Simple Patterns of Inheritance
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Genes exist in alleles
Law of Segregation: Two alleles separate during gamete formation
Traits are dominant and recessive
Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles of different genes assort independently
Mendelian Experiments
Pea Plant Characteristics
Traits: Flower color, seed shape, height.
Generations:
F1 Generation: Hybrid offspring (monohybrids)
F2 Generation: Self-fertilized F1 (3:1 ratio)
P Generation: True-breeding parents
Genetic Terminology
Phenotype: Observable traits (tall, dwarf)
Punnett Square: Predicts genotypes/phenotypes
Genotype: Genetic composition (TT, Tt, tt)
Testcross
Used to determine unknown genotype by crossing with homozygous recessive.
TT or Tt: All tall
Tt: 50% tall, 50% dwarf
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Segregation during meiosis explains Mendel’s laws
Gene locus: Location of a gene on a chromosome
Inheritance Patterns
Incomplete Dominance
Intermediate phenotype (pink flowers from red & white)
Codominance
Both alleles are expressed equally (ABO blood types)
Simple Mendelian Inheritance
Dominant/recessive alleles
Follows Mendel’s ratios
Pedigree Analysis
Autosomal Dominant: Huntington’s Disease
X-linked Traits: Hemophilia
Autosomal Recessive: Cystic Fibrosis
Role of Environment
Phenotype = Genotype + Environment
PKU can be controlled by diet
Norm of Reaction: Environmental variation impacts phenotype
Genetics and Probability
Product Rule: Probability of independent events occurring togethe
Example: Two coin tosses =1\4
Sum Rule: Probability of mutually exclusive events
Example: Homozygote offspring= 1\4