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Motion and forces - Coggle Diagram
Motion and forces
Forces
Forces act in pairs
Forces and mass determine acceleration
Forces transfer momentum
Forces change motion
A force is push or pull
Types of forces
Size and direction of forces
Balance and unbalanced forces
Newtons law
Forces on moving objects
Newton first law relates force and motion
Galileo's though experiment
Newton second law relates force, mass, and acceleration
Forces equals mass times Acceleration
Forces = mass * acceleration F= ma
Mass and Acceleration
Mass and Acceleration
Forces can change the direction of motion
Centripetal force
Circular motion and newton's second law
Newtons third law relates actions and reaction forces
Action and reaction pairs
Action and Reaction forces versus balanced forces
Newton's three laws describe and perdict motion
Object in motion have momentum
Momentum = mass * velocity P= MV
Momentum can be transferred from one object to anthor
Momentum is conserved
Two types of collisions
Momentum and newton's third law
Gravity, friction, and pressure
work and energy
Energy is transferred when work is done
power is the rate at witch is done
Power calculated calculated from work and time
Calculating power from work
Power = work/ time P= W/T
Horsepower
Power can be calculated form energy and time
Work changes potential and kinetic energy
Calculating gravitational potential energy
Gravitational potential energy = mass
gravitational acceleration
height GPE= MGH
Calculating kinetic energy
Kinetic energy = mass* velocity2/ 2 = KE= 1/2 MV-2
calculating mechsanical energy
Mechanical energy = potential energy + kinetic energy ME = PE+ KE
The total amount of energy is constant
Conserving mechanical energy
Losing mechanical energy
Forms of energy
power is the rate at witch work is done
work is the use of force to move an object
Force is necessary to do work
Force,motion and work
Calculating work
Work = force * distance W= FD
Object that are moving can do work
Pressure depends on force and area
Pressure describe how a force is spead over an area
Pressure= forces/ area = P = F/A
Pressure acts in all directions in fluids
Pressure in fluids depends on depth
Pressure in air
Pressure in water
Gravity is a force exerted by masses
Masses attract each other
The force of gravity
Gravity on earth
Weight and mass
Gravity keeps objects in orbit
Space on obit
People in orbit
Friction occurs when surfaces slide against each other
Forces and surfaces
Friction and heat
Motion through fluids friction
fluids can exert a force on objects
Fluids can exert upward force on object
Density and duoyancy
The motion of a fluid affects its pressure
Bernoulli's principle
Applying bernoulli's princeiple
Forces can be transmitted through fluids
Pascal's principle
Hydraulics
Machines
Machines help people do work
Machines change the way force is applied
Changing direction
Mechanical advantage of a machine
Mechanical advantage = output force / input force
Changing size and distance
Work transfers energy
energy
work
Output work is always less than input work
Efficiency ( % ) Output work/ input work * 100
Efficiency = 540j /600j * 100 = 90%
Efficiency and energy
increasing efficiency
Six simple machines have many uses
There are six simple machines
Lever
Wheel and axle
pulley
inclined plane
wedge
screw
The mechanical advantage of a machine can be calculated
Ideal advantage = length of incline / height of incline IMA= L / H
Ideal mechanical advantage = radius of output/ radius input IMA R in / R out
Mechanical advantage = output force/ input force MA = F out / F in
Compound machines are combinations of simple machines
Mechanical advantage of compound machines
Modern technology creates new used of machines
Microtechiology and nanotechnology
Robots
Modern technology uses compound machines
Motion
An object in motion changes position
Position
Position describes the location of an object
Motion
Motion is a change in position
Reference point
Describing a position
Measuring Distance
Speed Measures how fast positions changes
Position can change at different rates
Average speed
Calculating speed
Speed = Distance/ time S = D/T
Average speed
Distance- time graphs
Velocity
Velocity includes speed and direction
Velocity
Acceleration measure how fast velocity changes
Speed and direction can change with time
Acceleration can be calculated from velocity and time
Calculating Acceleraton
Velocity time graphs
Work and energy
Energy is transferred when work is done
Work transfers energy
work changes potential and kinetic energy
Calculating gravitational potential energy
Gravitational potential energy = mass
Gravitational acceleration
hight GPE = MGH
calculating mechanical energy
Calculating kinetic energy
The total amount of energy is constant
Conserving mechanical energy
Losing mechanical energy
Forms of energy
Power is the rate at which work is done
Power can be calculated for work and time
Calculating power for work
Power = work/ time P =W/T
Horsepower
Power can be calculated from energy and time
Calculating power from energy
Power = Energy/ time P = E/T
Everyday Power
Work is use of force to move an object
Force is necessary to do work
Force, Motion , and work
Calculating work
Work= force * distance W= FD
Object that are moving can do work