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Motion and forces - Coggle Diagram
Motion and forces
Forces chapter 2
Forces change motion 2.1
A force is a push or a pull
Types of forces
Size and direction of forces
Balanced and unbalanced forces
Forces on moving objects
Newtons first law relates force and motion
Galileo's thought expierement
Newtons first law
Inertia
Force and mass determine acceleration 2.2
Newtons second law relates force, mass, and acceleration
Newtons second law
Force equals mass times acceleration
Force= mass times acceleration or F= ma
Mass and acceleration
Forces can change the direction of motion
Centripetal force
Circular motion and newtons second law
Forces act in pairs 2.3
Newtons third law relates action and reaction forces
Action and reaction pairs
Action and reaction forces versus balanced forces
Newtons 3 laws describe and predict motion
Forces transfer momentum 2.4
Objects in motion have momentum
Momentum= mass times velocity or p=mv
Momentum can be transferred from one object to another
Momentum is conserved
Two types of collisions
Momentum and Newtons 3rd law
Gravity, friction and pressure chapter 3
Gravity is a force exerted by masses 3.1
Masses attract each other
The force of gravity
Gravity on earth
Weight and mass
Gravity keeps objects in orbit
Spacecraft in orbit
People in orbit
Friction is a force that opposes motion 3.2
Friction occurs when surfaces slide against each other
Forces and Surfaces
Friction and Heat
Motion through fluids produces friction
Pressure depends on force and area 3.3
Pressure describes how a force is spread over an area
Pressure= Force divided by Area or P=F/A
Pressure acts in all directions in fluids
Pressure in fluids depends on depth
Pressure in Air
Pressure in Water
Fluids can exert a force on objects 3.4
Fluids can exert an upward force on objects
Buoyancy
Density and Buoyancy
The motion of a fluid affects its pressure
Bernoulli's Principle
Applying Bernoulli's Principle
Forces can be transmitted through fluids
Pascals Principle
Hydraulics
Motion chapter 1
An object in motion changes position
Position describes the location of an object
Describing a position
Measuring distance
Motion is change in position
Describing motioin
Relative motion
Speed measures how fast position changes.
Position can change at different rates
Calculating speed
Speed= distance divided by time or S=d/t
Average speed
Distance- time graphs
Velocity includes speed and derection
Velocity
Velocity versus speed
Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes.
Speed and direction can change with time
Acceleration can be calculated from velocity and time
Calculated acceleration
acceleration= final velocity- initial velocity divided by time or a= v final- v initial/ t
Acceleration over time
Velocity- time graphs
Work and energy chapter 4
Work is the use of force to move an object 4.1
Force is necessary to do work
Force, Motion, and work
Calculating work
Work= Force times distance or W= Fd
Objects that are moving can do work
Energy is transferred when work is done 4.2
Work transfers energy
Work changes potential and kinetic energy
Calculating gravitational and potential energy
Gravitational potential energy= mass times gravitational acceleration times height
Calculating kinetic energy
kinetic energy= Mass times velocity squared divided by 2 or KE= 1/2* mv squared
Calculating mechanical energy
Mechanical energy= Potential energy + Kinetic energy or ME= PE+KE
The total amount of energy is constant
Conserving mechanical energy
Losing mechanical energy
Forms of energy
Power us the rate at which work is done 4.3
Power can be calculated from work and time
Calculating Power from Work
Power= Work divided by time or P=W/t
Horsepower
Power can be calculated from energy and time
Calculating Power from energy
Power= Energy divided by time or P= E/t
Everyday Power
Machines chapter 5
Machines help people do work 5.1
Machines change the way force is applied
Changing size and distance
Changing direction
Mechanical Advantage of a Machine
Mechanical Advantage = Output Force divided by Input force
Work Transfers energy
Energy
Work
Output is always less than input work
Efficiency %= Output work divided by Input work times 100
Efficiency = 540 Joules or J divided by 600 J or Joules times 100 = 90%
Efficiency and energy
Increasing Efficiency
Six simple machines have many uses 5.2
There are six simple machines
Lever
Wheel and Axle
Pulley
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
The mechanical Advantage of a Machine can be calcualted
Mechanical Advantage= Output Force divided by Input force or MA= F out/ Fin
Ideal Mechanical Advantage = length of incline divided by Height of incline or IMA= L/h
Ideal Mechanical Advantage = Radius of input divided by Radius of output or IMA= R in/ R out
Ideal Mechanical Advantage= distance from input force to fulcrum divided by distance from output force to fulcrum or IMA = din/ dout
Modern technology uses compound machines 5.3
Compound machines are combinations of simple machines
Gears
Mechanical Advantage of Compound Machines
Modern technology creates new uses for machines
Microtechnology and Nanotechnology
Robots