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Motion, Forces, Gravity, friction, and pressure, Work and Energy,…
Motion
An object in motion changes position
Position describes the location of an object
Describing a position
Measuring distances
Motion is a change in position
Describing motion
Relative motion
Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes
Speed and direction can change with time
Acceleration can be calculated from velocity and time
Accelaration over time
calculating accelaration
Acceleration = final velocity - initial velocity/time (a=v final-v initsal/t
Velocity-time graph
Speed measures how fast position changes
Position ca change at difrent rates
Average speed
Distance-time Graphs
Calculating speed from a graph-example (Formula) s=d/t (speed= distance over time
Calculationg speed
Velocity includes speed and direstion
Velocity
Velocity vs speed
Time distance and speed -time = distance over speed
Forces
Forces transfer momerntum
Objects in motion have momentum
p=mv momento = mass x velocity
Momentum can be transferred from one object to another
Momentum is conserved
Two types of collisions
Momentum and newtons third law
Forces act in pairs
newtons three laws discribe thd pridict motion
Newtons third law relates action and reaction forces
Action and reaction forces versus balence forces
Action and reaction Paris
Forces and mass determine accelaration
Newtons second law relates to forces, mass and acceleration
Forces equal mass times accelaration
A=F/m
Forces = mass*accelaration (F=ma
Newtons second law
Mass and accelaration
m=F/a
Forces can change the direction of forces
Centralpetal forces
Circular motion
Forces change motion
A force is a push of a pull
Size and direction
Balence and unblanced forces
Forces on moving objects
Types of forces
Newtons first law relates to forces and motion
Newtons first law
Galileo's thought experiment
Inertia
Gravity, friction, and pressure
Gravity is a force exerted by masses
Masses attract each other
The force of gravity
The mass of the object
The distance between the objects
gravity on earth
Weight and mass
Gravity keeps objects in orbit
Spacecraft in orbit
People in orbit
Friction is a force that opposes motion
Friction occures when surface slides against each other
Forces and surface
Types of surface
Motion of the surface
Forces pressing the surface together
Friction and heat
Motion through fluids produces friction
Pressure depends on forces and ares
Pressure describes how a force is spread over an area
pressure = force/area p=f/a
Pressure acts in all directions in fluids
Pressure in fluids depends on depth
Pressure in air
Changing density
effects on pressure
changing elevation
Pressure in water
Fluids can exert a force on objects
Fluids can exert an upward force on objects
Buoyancy
Density and buoyancy
The motion of a fluid affects its pressure
Bernoulli's principal
Applying Bernoulli's principal
Forces can be transmitted through fluids
Pascals principal
Hydraulics
Work and Energy
Energy is transferred when work is done
Work is transfers enegy
work changes potential and kinetic enegy
Calculating Gravitalinal potential enegy
GPE=mgh
Calculating kinetic enegy
KE=(0.5m)v^2
Calculating mechanical enegy
ME=KE+PE
The total amounnt of energy is constanty
Conserving mechanical enegy
Losing mechanical enegy
Forms of enegy
Nuclear enegy
Chemical enegy
Thermal enegy
Electromagnetic enegy
Work is the use of force to move an object
Force is necessary to do work
Force,motion and work
Calculating work
work=fore*distance w=fd
Objects that are moving can do work
Power is the rate at which work is done
Power can be calculated from work and time
Calculating power from work
power= work over time P=w/t
Horsepower
Power can be calculated from energy and time
Calculating power from enegy
power=energy over time P=E/t
Everyday power
Maachines
Machines help people do work
Machines change the way force is aplyed
Changing size and distance
Mechanical Advantages of a machine
Mechanical Advantages = output force/input force
Changing direction
Work transfers enegy
Enegy
work
Output work is always less than input work
Effficiency and enegy
Efficency=output work/input work X 100
Increasing efficancy
Six simple machines have many uses
There are six simple machines
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axel
Wedge
Inclined plane
Screw
The mechanical advantage of a machine can be calculated
Ideat mechanical advantage =+ raadiual of input/radial of output
Ideat mechanical advantage = length of incline./height in incline
Mechanical advantage = output force/input force
IMA=fin/dout
Modern technology uses compound machines
Compound machines are combinations of simple michines
Gears
Mechanical advantage of compound machines
Modern technology creates new uses for machines
Micotechnology and nanoteechnology
Robots
MOTION AND FORCES