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Motion and Forces - Coggle Diagram
Motion and Forces
Gravity, friction, and pressure
pressure depends on force and area
Pressure describes how a force is spread over an area
Pressure acts in all directions in fluids
Pressure in fluids depend on depth
Pressure in air
effects on pressure
changing denstiy
Changing elevation
Pressure in water
friction is a force that opposes motion
Friction occurs when surfaces slide against each other
Forces and surfaces
motion of the surfaces
force pressing the surface together
Types of surfaces
Friction and heat
Motion through fluids produces friction
Gravity is a force exerted by mass
masses attract each other
The Force of gravity
Gravity on earth
weight and mass
gravity keeps objects in orbit.
Spacecraft in orbit
people in orbit
Fluids can exert a force on objects
Fluids can exert an upward force on objects.
Buoyancy
Density and buyoancy
The motion of a fluid affects its pressure
Applying Bernouolli's Principle
Bernouolli's Principe
Forces can be transmitted through fluids
Pascal's Principle
increased pressure raises the car
part of the jack that moves down = piston
increase of force transmitted throughout the liquid
Hydraulics
Forces
Forces change motion
A force is a push or a pull
Types of forces
Contact forces
Gravity
Friction
Size and direction of forces
Balanced and unbalanced forces
Net force
Forces on moving objects
Forces on moving objects
Newtons first law relates motion and force
Galileo's thought experiment
Newtons first law
Inertia
Force and Mass determine acceleration
Newtons second law relates force, mass, and acceleration
Newtons second law
Force equals mass times acceleration
Mass and acceleration
Forces can change the direction of motion
Centripetal force
Circular motion and Newton's second law
Forces act in pairs
Newton's third law relates action and reaction forces
Action and reaction pairs
Action and reaction forces versus balanced forces
Balanced forces
Action and reaction
Newtons three laws describe and predict motion
Force transfers momentum
Objects in motion have momentum
Momentum is conserved
Two types of collisions
Momentum can be transfered from one object to another
Motion
Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes.
Speed and direction can change with time
Acceleration can be calculated from velocity and time.
calculating acceleration
acceleration = final veloity - initial velocity / time
acceleration over time
velocity-time graphs
Speed measures how fast position changes.
Position can change at different rates.
Calculating speed
one bike will be 8 meters, while the other will be 4 meters.
one bike is slower
the two bikes pass at the same time
speed = distance/time (s = d/t)
average speed
Distnace-TIme Graphs
Velocity includes speed and direction.
Velocity
vector
velocity versus speed
An object in motion changes position.
Position describes the location of an object
Describing a position
Reference point
Measuring distance
Motion is a change in position.
Relative Motion
The observer on the bus sees the driver moving but the street sign not.
the observer on the sidewalk sees the opposite.
Describing motion
Work and Energy
Work is the use of force to move an object
Force is necessary to do work
Force motion and work
Calculating work
Work=Force*Distance
Objects that are moving can do work
Energy is transfered when work is done
Work transfers energy
Work changes potential and kinetic energy
Calculating Gravitational Potential Energy
GPE=MGH
Calculating Kinetic energy
KE=1/2(mv^2)
Calculating Mechanical Energy
ME=PE+KE
The total amount of energy is constant
Conserving mechanical energy
Losing mechanical energy
Forms of energy
Thermal Energy
Chemical Energy
Electromagnetic energy
Nuclear Energy
Power is the rate a which work is done
Power can be calculated
Calculating power from work
Horsepower
Power can be calculated form energy and time
Calculating power from energy
Everyday power
Machines
Modern technology uses compound machines
Compound machines are combinations of simple machines
Gears
Mechanical advantage of compound machines
Modern technology creates new uses for machines
Microtechnology and nanotechnology
Robots
Six simple machines have many uses
There are six simple machines
Lever
Wheel and axel
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Pulley
The mechanical advantage of a machine can be calculated
Ideal mechanical ad advantage = length of incline / height of incline
Machines help people do work
Machines change the way force is applied
Mechanical advantage of a machine
Mechanical advantage = Output force / Input force
Changing size and distance
Changing direction
Work transfers energy
Energy
Work
Output work is always less than Input work
Efficiency (%) = Output work / Input work * 100
Efficiency and energy
Increasing Efficiency