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UNIT 13 - EYE AND EAR DISORDERS, OTITIS MEDIA, HEARING IMPAIRMENT, VISUAL…
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OTITIS MEDIA
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EUSTACHIAN TUBE DYSFUNCTION: obstruction leads to impaired drainage of secretions from the middle ear
ACCUMULATION OF SECRETIONS: secretions build up in the middle ear, providing a medium for bacterial or viral growth
UNDERLYING CAUSES: common triggers include infection, allergies or enlarged adenoids
MIDDLE EAR EFFUSION: persistant fluid accumulation results in middle ear effusion, causing symptoms like pain and hearing loss
RISK FACTORS
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Children living in crowded conditions, especially with smokers
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HEARING IMPAIRMENT
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DEFINITIONS
HEARING IMPAIRMENT: general term indicating the presence of disability that may range in severity from mild to profound
DEAFNESS: a person whose ability prevents successful processing of linguistic information through audition, with or without use of hearing aid
HARD OF HEARING: a person which has hearing sufficient to enable successful processing of linguistic information through audition with the use of a heat aid
PATHOLOGY
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS: interference with transmission of sound to or by the middle ear. mainly related to the loudness of sound. can be result of otitis media
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS: nerve deafness which involves damage to the inner ear structures or the auditory nerve. mainly due to congenital defect
TREATMENT
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COCHLEAR IMPLANT: small, complex electronic device
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VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
CAUSES
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perinatal infections such as rubella, syphillis
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SQUINT (STRABISMUS)
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caused by muscle weakness, focusing difficulties leading to refractive error or due to anatomical differences in the eyes
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TYPES
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STRABISMUS: misalignment of the eyes, causing one eye to deviate inward (esotropia) toward the nose, or outward (exotropia), while the other eye remains focused.
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