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UNIT 7 - GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS, APPENDICITIS,…
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ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS
NURSING DIAGNOSES
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FEAR AND ANXIETY RELATED TO DISEASE CONDITION, UNFAMILIAR ENVIRONMENT, AND DISTRESSING PROCEDURES
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
- ASSESSMENT OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
- REHYDRATION: ORS, parental fluid for severe rehydration and shock
- MAINTENANCE OF FLUID THERAPY
- REINTRODUCTION OF ADEQUATE DIET
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DIARRHOEA: sudden increase in frequency, fluidity, or volume of the the stools
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APPENDICITIS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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INCREASED LUMINAL PRESSURE: mucus accumulation leads to increased pressure within the appendix, compressing blood vessels
PERFORATION: necrotic tissue weakens the appendical wall, leading to perforation
ISCHEMIA AND ULCERATION: reduced blood flow causes ischemia, leading to ulceration of the epithelial lining and bacterial invation
INFLAMMATION AND NECROSIS: bacterial invation triggers inflammation, and prolonged ischemia results in tissue necrosis
PERITONITIS: rupture allows fecal matter and bacteria to enter the peritoneal cavity, causing contamination and subsequent peritonitis
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NURSING CAREPLAN
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RISK FOR FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT RELATED TO DECREASE INTAKE AND LOSSES SECONDARY TO LOSS OF APPETITE AND VOMITING
DEFINITION
Inflammation of the vermiform (blind sac at the end of cecum) appendix, caused by a result of obstruction to the lumen of the appendix by hardened fecal material, micro-organisms or foriegn bodies
DEHYDRATION
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DEFINITION
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results from decreased intake, increased output (renal, GI or insensible losses), a shift of fluid, or capillary leak of fluid (eg. burns and sepsis)
children are susceptible to dehydration with acute GI or other illnesses that cause vomiting, diarrhoea and fever
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INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
OBSTRUCTION IN THE GI TRACT OCCURS WHEN THE PASSAGE OF NUTRIENTS AND SECRETIONS IS IMPEDED BY A CONSTRICTED OR OCCLUDED LUMEN OR WHEN THERE IS IMPAIRED MOTILITY
MAYBE CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED
- VOMITING OF GASTRIC CONTENT IS OFTEN FIRST SIGN OF HIGH OBSTRUCTION
- VOMITING OF BILE STAINED MATERIAL IS A SIGN
OBSTRUCTIVE DISORDERS
HYPERTROPIC PYLORIC STENOSIS: a condition that causes severe projectile non-bilious vomiting in the first few months of life
INTESSUCCEPTION: a condition in which a part of intestine has navigated into another section of intestine
HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE: disorder of the intestine that occurs when part or all of the large intestine or antecedent parts of the GI tract have no nerves and therefore cannot function
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