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infection and response - Coggle Diagram
infection and response
diseases
caused by pathogens
communicable diseases
examples
gonorrhoea
penicillin treats it
creates a green / yellow mucus
STD
can be prevented with barrier methods
salmonella
is often in poultry
secreats toxins
ingested
HIV
can cause AIDS
travels through fluid contact
flu like
measles
can be vaccination
inhalation
can be fatal
red skin rash
can spread through
air contact
water contact
direct contact
bacteria
reproduce quickly
produces toxins which damage cells
protists
fungi
viruses
lives inside of cells and bursts them
reproduce rapidly
non communicable diseases
defences
non-specific defences
mucus
nasal hair
cillia
stomach acid
water proof barrier (skin)
glands
specific defences
white blood cells
phagocytes
"eats" pathogens
lymphocytes
makes antibodies
makes antitoxins
anti toxins
neutralises bacterial toxins
antibodies
can be stimulated with vaccines
bond to specific antigens
antibiotics
only works with bacteria
different bacteria need different strengths of antibiotics
e.g.
penicillin
reduces deaths
difficult to develop stronger ones which don't damage tissues
painkillers
only treats symptoms
doesn't kill pathogens
plant diseases
symptoms
unusual growths
discoloured leaves
tobacco mosaic virus
viral infection
affects growth and photosynthesis
mosaic discolouration
infected leaves need to be removed
areas of decay
can be caused by lack of nutrients
nitrate ions
healthy growth
magnesium
healthy chlorophyll
defences
physical
thick waxy layers
chemical
poisonous chemicals
mechanical
mimicry
thorns
drugs and medicine
examples
aspirin
painkillerfrom willow bark
digitalis
heat drug from foxgloves
penicillium
antibiotic from mold
discovered by Alexander Fleming
testing
lab tissue --> animal --> healthy person --> low quantity on patient
licence
double blind test
monoclonal antibodies
a mouse is injected with pathogen
white blood cells called lymphocytes produce antibodies
lymphocytes are removed and fused with tumour cells
new cells are hybridoma
hybridomas divide rapidly and releases lots of antibodies
used for pregnancy tests
HCG binds with monoclinal antibodies