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Psychosis - Coggle Diagram
Psychosis
Antipsychotics
can act on:
HISR
5-HTR
D2R
1st generation antipsychotics
AchR
Side effects
D2R
Expressed in CNS + PNS
Cardiovascular system
Reduction in blood pressure
Kidneys
Reduction of the efficiency of renal reuptake of water and salts
Striata nuclei, which receive the projecting neurons from SN
Issues with EPS, creating Parkinson-like symptoms
Pituitary gland
Increase in the release of prolactin, which is normally inhibited by DA
To reduce side effects, 2nd gen antipsychotics try to focus less on D2R
However, they only work on 50% of patients
HISR
Induction of lethargy
5-HTR
Serotonin is part of the DMS (Diffuse Modulatory System), which can be altered
Weight gain
AchR
Impact on PNS, both SNS and PSNS
Lower blood pressure and falling risk
Effect on insulin release, affecting glucose metabolism
TAAR
Senses DA levels and promotes DAT internalization, to reduce DA synthesis and release
Recent therapeutic options: TAAR agonists
Newer options try to re-balance the levels of GABA and Glutamate to counteract the hyperexcitability of neurons which occurs during maniac episodes
Involves also the
reward system