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MODULE 11: Network Design, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
MODULE 11: Network Design
11.4 Router hardware
3.- Router Form Factors
Routers can vary in size and design, from small desktop models to rack-mounted or blade devices. Your choice depends on the environment in which they will be used.
4.- Routers with fixed or modular configuration
Fixed: Their interfaces are built-in and cannot be changed.
Modular: These have slots that allow you to add or change interfaces as needed.
Types of Cisco routers
Branch routers: Designed to ensure high availability in remote offices.
Network edge routers: Manage traffic between internal and external networks.
Service provider routers: Handle large volumes of data traffic.
Industrial routers: Designed for extreme environments and specialized applications.
1.- Key Functions of Routers
Routers connect networks, enable Internet access, interconnect business sites, provide redundant paths, and translate between different media and protocols.
5.- Variety of available interfaces
Routers can include different network interfaces, such as Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Serial, and fiber optic, allowing for connections tailored to different needs.
11.3 Switch Hardware
Switch Platforms
Campus LAN:
Access: Cisco 2960, 3560 (for end users).
Distribution/Core: Cisco 3850, 4500, 6500 (high-performance).
Data Centers: High-density switches (e.g., Catalyst 9400).
Cloud Management: Remotely managed switches (e.g., Meraki).
Port Density
Fixed: 12, 24, 48 ports (plus SFP options for fiber).
Modular: Hundreds of ports (e.g., 384 on the Catalyst 9400).
Important:
Scalability.
Space/power savings vs. multiple fixed switches.
Forwarding Rates
Definition: Throughput (Gbps).
Example:
A 48-port Gigabit switch requires 48 Gbps to operate at wire-speed.
If its rate is 32 Gbps, there will be bottlenecks.
Access Layer: Lower rate (limited by uplinks).
Core/Distribution: Higher rate (aggregate traffic).
Multilayer Switching (Layer 3)
Features:
Integrated routing (routing table).
Support for protocols (OSPF, EIGRP).
ASICs to accelerate IP packet forwarding.
Example:
Cisco Catalyst 3560/3850 (IOS 15.x supports multiple SVIs).
11.1 Hierarchical networks
11.1.1 Three-layer network design
Three-tier network design is a hierarchical model that divides enterprise networks into three layers: access, distribution, and core. This model was proposed by Cisco in 1998.
11.1.2 The need to scale the network
The need to scale a network refers to the need to adapt a network to handle an increase in users, devices, traffic, or services.
11.1.3 Unlimited Switched Networks
Borderless switched networks are networks that allow organizations to connect securely and reliably anytime, anywhere.
11.1.4 Hierarchy in Boundary-Switched Networks
The hierarchy in borderless switched networks is a design model that organizes a network's devices and services into tiers. This model allows for more efficient and secure management.
11.1.5 Access, distribution, and core layer functions
Borderless switched networks are networks that allow organizations to connect securely and reliably anytime, anywhere.
11.1.7 Function of Switched Networks
Switched networks allow devices to communicate with each other, forming a communications network. This is achieved through packet switching, which involves receiving and forwarding data between devices connected to a switch.
11.2 Scalable Networks
Design for Scalability:
The network must grow without losing availability or reliability, using modular equipment for easy upgrades. Use a Hierarchical design allows modifications without affecting the entire network.
Planning for Redundancy:
Prevents interruptions with duplicate equipment and redundant routes and Alternative physical paths improve network availability.
Reducing the Size of the Failure Domain:
A well-segmented network reduces the impact of failures, using redundant links and reliable equipmentn and Implement switch blocks to prevent massive failures.
Increasing Bandwidth:
Use EtherChannel to bundle multiple physical links into a logical one and Load balancing optimizes traffic distribution.
Expanding the Access Layer:
Wireless connectivity provides flexibility and cost reduction and Use NICs and Access Points (APs) for wireless communication.
Routing Protocol Improvements:
OSPF is used for large hierarchical networks and Fast convergence and efficient synchronization between routers.
