Anabolic Steroids: May be seen in weightlifters, powerlifters, MLB, NFL, college, HS, those with body dysmorphia; Increase in lean mass may last several months after stopping the use of steroids； 2-3x higher gains in trained individuals using steroids than those who are not
Effects:
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Gynecomastia： the non-cancerous enlargement of one or both breasts in men due to the growth of breast tissue as a result of a hormone imbalance between estrogens and androgens
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Types
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)：From placenta (pregnancy indicator)；May increase testosterone production in males on steroids at the end of a steroid cycle；Uncertain of side effects
Insulin: Secreted when increased blood glucose or increased leucine (Leucine is an essential amino acid that plays a unique role in the body by serving as a signaling molecule involved in appetite control and hormone regulation. Anabolic (increases protein synthesis, prevents breakdown); Supplementing may cause death/ coma/ DM
Human Growth Hormone (HGH): Stimulates bone and muscle growth；Recombinant from DNA ; increases lean body mass and decreases fat mass; High dose may cause gigantism in kids or acromegaly (wide bones and big organs) after puberty; May cause DM, heart dysfunction, pain, HTN, OA
EPO: increases O2 delivery; increases RBC production; easier than blood transfusions; increases hemoglobin and hematocrit, Blood thickens which may lead to clot, stroke, or pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞
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Beta Blockers：Prevent epinephrine/ norepinephrine from binding；Treat HTN （"HTN" stands for hypertension, which is also known as high blood pressure)；Helps athletes who need to be calm or steady for their sport (rifle)，May decrease performance for some sports， Decreased HR or VO2
caffeine: increases neural transmission, decreases RPE, increases work capacity, prolongs endurance for both resistance training and aerobics, 3-9 mg/kg BW 60 minutes before activity
Ephedrine: Beta Agonist, Enhances the effects of caffeine when taken together, most are banned
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange): Stimulates fat metabolism, May increase BP, banned