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Izabella Gendorf P:5 - Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Izabella Gendorf P:5 - Reproductive System
Disorders Associated with the Reproductive System
STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections):
Chlamydia: Bacterial infection causing discharge and pain.
Gonorrhea: Bacterial infection affecting genital tract.
Syphilis: Bacterial infection that can cause serious complications if untreated.
HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Can lead to genital warts and cervical cancer.
HIV: Virus that attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS.
Other Disorders:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal disorder causing irregular periods and infertility.
Endometriosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain.
Erectile Dysfunction: Inability to maintain an erection.
Prostate Cancer: Uncontrolled growth of prostate cells.
Anatomy of Female Reproductive Structures
Ovaries: Produce eggs and secrete estrogen and progesterone.
Fallopian Tubes: Transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus; fertilization typically occurs here.
Uterus: A muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and grows during pregnancy.
Cervix: Lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.
Vagina: Birth canal and passageway for menstrual fluid.
Mammary Glands: Produce milk for breastfeeding.
Major Functions of the Reproductive System
Male:
Sperm Production: Occurs in the testes, where sperm is created through spermatogenesis.
Fertilization: Sperm meets the egg in the fallopian tube to create a zygote.
Testosterone Production: Testosterone, produced by the testes, is responsible for male secondary sex characteristics and sperm production.
Female:
Egg Production: Ovaries release eggs (ova) through ovulation.
Fertilization: The egg can be fertilized by sperm in the fallopian tube.
Pregnancy: If fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg implants in the uterus for fetal development.
Estrogen & Progesterone Production: Ovaries produce these hormones, which regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycle
Menstrual Phase: Shedding of the uterine lining when fertilization does not occur.
Follicular Phase: FSH stimulates follicle growth and estrogen levels rise.
Ovulation: LH surge causes the release of a mature egg from the ovary.
Luteal Phase: Corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to maintain uterine lining.
Implantation (if fertilization occurs): Fertilized egg implants into the uterus, and hCG is released
Methods and Classification of Contraceptives
Hormonal:
Birth Control Pills: Prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.
Patch: Releases hormones through the skin.
Injection (Depo-Provera): Prevents ovulation for 3 months.
Barrier:
Condoms: Prevent sperm from entering the vagina.
Diaphragm: Covers the cervix to prevent sperm from entering.
IUDs (Intrauterine Devices):
Hormonal IUD: Releases hormones to prevent pregnancy.
Copper IUD: Creates an inhospitable environment for sperm.
Permanent Methods:
Vasectomy: Surgical cutting of the vas deferens in males.
Tubal Ligation: Blocking or cutting the fallopian tubes in females.
Emergency Contraception:
Plan B: High dose of hormones to prevent fertilization or implantation.
Anatomy of Male Reproductive Structures
Testes: Produces sperm and testosterone.
Epididymis: Stores and matures sperm.
Vas Deferens: Transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
Seminal Vesicles: Produces fluid that nourishes sperm.
Prostate Gland: Secretes fluid that protects and nourishes sperm.
Urethra: Carries sperm and urine out of the body.
Penis: Delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract.
Hormones of the Reproductive System
Male Hormones:
Testosterone: Primary male hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics and sperm production.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates sperm production.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Stimulates testosterone production.
Female Hormones:
Estrogen: Regulates menstrual cycle and promotes secondary sex characteristics.
Progesterone: Prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains pregnancy.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates follicle growth in the ovaries.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Triggers ovulation.
hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin): Produced during pregnancy to maintain the uterine lining.