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Grammatical structures in English - Coggle Diagram
Grammatical structures in English
Passive voice
Formula
to be+Past Participle
Tenses in passive voice (Present, Past,Future)
Examples: Active: They build houses; Passive: Houses are built
Conditional Sentences
Zero Conditional: general truths (If + Present Simple, Present Simple) Example: If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
First Conditional: real future events (If + Present Simple, Future Simple) Example:If it rains, we will stay home.
Second Conditional: imaginary situations (If + Past Simple, would + V1) Example:If I were you, I would study more
Third Conditional: past events that did not happen (If + Past Perfect, would have + V3) Example:If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
Mixed Conditional: mixed time forms
Reported Speech
Changes in tenses:
Present Simple → Past Simple (He says: “I like pizza.” → He said he liked pizza.)
Past Simple → Past Perfect (She said: “I visited Paris.” → She said she had visited Paris.)
Changes in pronouns and time expressions:today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, here → there
Conjunctions & Complex Sentences
Reason: because, since, as
Contrast: but, however, although
Purpose: so that, in order to
Condition: if, unless