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Key Topic 2: Luther's early challenge to the Catholic Church - Coggle…
Key Topic 2: Luther's early challenge to the Catholic Church
The influence on Luther's views; his views on corruption within the Catholic Church
The influence on Luther's views
His childhood
Family
Margaret Luther
Highly educated
Successful family
Devout Christian
Hans Luther
Miner
Left hometown when was to not inherit
Successful
Education
Attended school from age 5
Grammar school
Emphasis on humility, simplicity of life, and inner piety
University
Age 17/18
Erfurt
Bachelor of Arts and Masters of Arts
Scholastic teaching methods
Hans Luther decided Martin should become a lawyer
2 months into his law course, Luther decided to become a monk
His decision to become a monk
1505 lightening storm
Joined the Erfurt branch of the Augistianian order
Not a 'closed' order; they worked in the community as teachers and lecturers
Took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience
Anxieties over salvation and death threatened his health
Mentor: Staupitz
Drew Luther's attentions to the works of St Augustine of Hippo
Stressed man's actions had no effect on whether or not he was saved. God alone decided who would be saved.
Very different to the Thomist (Thomas Aquinas) views of Rome
Men became righteous in God's eyes by doing righteous things/ good works
Suggested Luther return to university to study theology
He will have been exposed to humanism
Challenged scholastic teaching methods
One should stay the Bible themselves
His trip to Rome in 1510
Sent to Rome on business
Decided to treat it as a month-long pilgrimage
Attended services
Went to confession
Viewed relics
Climbed Scala Sancta on his knees
Never expressed any doubts about what he was doing
The experience did not bring about the spiritual relief he sought
He was unimpressed with the insincerity and worldliness of Rome's clergy
His life as a teacher in Wittenberg
The 'Tower Experience' which changes his life
His protest at indulgences of 1517
His views on corruption within the Catholic Church
The Ninety-Five Theses 1517: Luther's rejection of indulgences; his aim of promoting academic debate; the publication of the Ninety Five Theses and their impact; the importance of the printing press
The shaping of Luther's beliefs: his protest to Albert of Mainz; the response of Leo X to Luther's early challenge; the debate with Cajetan in 1518; significance of the debate with Eck in 1519
Luther's excommunication in 1520: Luther's tower experience and his acceptance of justification by faith alone; the 1520 pamphlets addressed to the clergy, nobility and the German people; the burning of the Bull of Excommunication in 1520