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Augustus - Coggle Diagram

- - - - I. "At the age of nineteen, on my own initiative, and at my own expense I raised an army, by way of which I liberated the republic, which was being tyrannised by faction."
      - II. "I conquered them [the conspirators] twice in battle."
      - III. "I often waged wars on both land and sea, civil and foreign, throughout the whole world, and, as a victor, I pardoned all the citizens who asked for mercy."
      - III. "I captured 600 ships."
      - IV. "I celebrated curule triumphs and I was named imperator twenty one times."
      - XIII. "While I was first citizen, the senate voted three times that it [gates to the temple of Janus] should be closed"
      - XVII. "The military treasury was set up for paying out rewards to soldiers who had served for twenty or more years."
      - IV. "The senate decreed fifty five times that prayers be offered to the immortal gods on account of the successes achieved by me or by my legates, under my auspices, on land and sea"
      - XXV. "I freed the sea from pirates"
    - - IMP is engraved next to Octavian
      - Wears the laurels he gained from his triple triumph
      - Idyllic youth and vigour presented although he is now in his 30's
    - - Gaius J. Caesar is shown wearing his laurel wreath and has IMP engraved so Octavian can use his military successes as a springboard by associating them.
- - - - No laurel wreath could be used to heighten the message of peace he is trying to present
      - Shows four religious implements
        
        Lituus represents the augurs Augustus associated himself with. Prophetic connotations
        
        Tripod was synonymous with sacrifices to the gods in Ancient Rome
        
        Patera was included as it is simple and can relate to the piety of the ordinary people of Rome
        
        Simpulum was used to make libations and taste wines and is associated with the college of the pontiffs (of which Augustus was head)
      - Idyllic youth to continue the idea of the Golden Age that began in 18BCE
    - - Ideas of a continuation of Roman immorality and need for Pax Deorum. "Romans though you're guiltless, you'll still expiate your fathers' sins, till you've restored the temples, and the tumbling shrines of all the gods"
      - Pax Deorum- "neglected gods have made many woes for sad Italy" :
      - Need for moral reform which Augustus grants in the Leges Iulae: "Our age, fertile in its wickedness, has first defiled the marriage bed"
    - - Augustus has the support of the Gods: "When Phoebus, quitting Delos, anchored under his protection, stood over Augustus' stern."
      - Augustus' Pietas "So Apollo of Actium gained his temple"
    - - Presents him as Pontifex Maximus in priestly robes with his head covered
      - Hands lost but likely holding religious implements
      - Humble appearance shows modesty and piety of the imperial family.
      - Peaceful and pious which shows Pax Deorum
- - - - "Even as an elderly man they say he still had a passion for deflowering virgin girls"
      - "He never denied his reputation as a gambler, and diced freely and openly out of enjoyment for the pastime, not only in December, when the festival of the Saturnalia condoned it."
      - "Not even his friends denied he was given to adulterous behaviour"
      - "Mark Antony accused him of unnatural relations with Julius Caesar"
      - "He was unable to bring the last of these, which aroused open rebellion against its overly stringent provisions"
      - "He carried out an extensive programme of public works"
      - "He could rightly boast that what he found as brick he left as marble"