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Adolescence - Coggle Diagram
Adolescence
Aspects of Development
Identity/ Emotional Development
Personal Perception of Self and Others
Emotional Regulation or Dysregulation
Peer Relationships
Erik Erikson’s Identity vs. Confusion Stage: Affects sense of self
James Marcia’s Identity Exploration vs, Identity Commitment
Cognitive: Increased Reflection and Metacognition
Environmental Influence
Interpersonal Relationships
Parenting Styles
Supportiveness of Learning Environment
Materialism: Fixation on Material Goods
A form of Extrinsic Motivation
Can be acquired from Social Modelling
Can cause low-self esteem, need for validation, and adolescent egocentrism
Risk-Taking Behavior
Violence, Substance Use, Unsafe Sex, Unhealthy Diet, Criminal Activities (ie. Theft)
Reasons
Seeking Thrill and Underestimating risks
Social Influence
Incomplete brain development and minimal experience
Reduction Strategies
Encouraging Safe and Healthy Risk Taking instead of imposing restrictions
Using Creative Expression as an outlet for emotions
Open and Non-Judgemental Communication
Belongingness and Peer Pressure
Belongingness: A need for acceptance, appreciation and inclusion
Relates to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Peer Pressure: Pushing a person to behave in a certain way
Causes
Developmental/ Physiological Changes
Craving Belonging
Low Self-Esteem
Negative Peer Pressure: Encourages potentially problematic behaviors, like substance use, skipping school or bullying.
Positive Peer Pressure: Encourages beneficial and constructive activities like studying, joining extracurriculars, and volunteering
Reducing Peer Pressure
Fostering an Environment of Acceptance and Openness
Encouraging exploration and self-expression
Avoiding harsh judgements or comparisons
Effects
The desire to belong pushes adolescents to do what they would otherwise avoid in order to feel accepted.
Activism: Activities that seek social change
Reasons
Desire for Change and/or belonging
Increased Social Awareness
Role of Social Media
Rapid information exchange provides opportunities for collaboration and expression
Social Media can spread Misinformation and Disinformation while potentially being an avenue for cyberbullying
Puberty and Sexual Health
Puberty: Development of Sexual/ Reproductive Characteristics brought about by hormonal changes
Biological Females
Menstruation and Release of estrogen by the Ovaries
Breast Development
Body Hair
Biological Males
Sperm Production
Body and Facial Hair
Estrogen, Progesterone and Testosterone in BOTH GENDERS
Developing increased Physical Attraction and Sexual Desire
Sexual and Gender Identity
Self Consciousness and Body Image Issues
Sexual Health: Safe Sex prevents pregnancy and transmission of STIs
Ovulation Suppression
Barrier Methods (Condoms, Diaphragm)
Surgery (Vasectomy, Tubal Ligation)
IUD
Abstinence