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Chapter 4 Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4 Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise
General Adaptation Syndrome - Promote adaptation & recovery while managing fatigue
Phase 1 : Alarm Reaction (mobilize resources)
Phase 2: Resistance (cope with stressor)
Phase 3: Exhaustion (reserves depleted)
Supercompensation: Increased performance following a period of training stress
Endocrine is a siganling system, works with hormones; hormones is transported in the bloodstream
Anabolic Hormones (promote tissue building)
Testosterone 睾酮 main neuroendocrine Hormones，分泌于workout starts till 1 hr after
Promotes protein synthesis， Inhibits protein breakdown
Promotes growth and development of male sex characteristics
Primary androgen hormone (male sex hormone)
Promotes GH release
Influences the Nervous System, increase neurotransmitters, increase force production potential
Exercising with large muscle groups will result in an acute increase in serum total of testosterone concentrations for men: Short rest periods (30-60 seconds); Heavy resistance (85-95% 1RM) ; Large muscle groups; moderate to high volume; chronic resistance training (2+ years)
Growth Hormone, 分泌于 workout starts till 2 hrs after
Stimulates IGF-1
Promotes protein synthesis/ growth
decrease glucose utilization
increase Lipolysis/Fatty acid utilization
increase collagen synthesis
Short rest periods (~1- 3 minutes), moderate to Heavy loads (~10RM), adequate sleep
Women have higher levels of GH in their blood
IGF-1，分泌于8hrs - 24 hrs after workout ends
increase protein synthesis
stimulate the secretion of its own binding proteins
IGF-1 in muscle tissue referred to as mechano growth factor
Concentrations higher with protein-carb supplementation before/after training
insulin (released after you eat food)
moves glucose out of the bloodstream
Glycogenesis: turning blood sugar into stored glycogen, Increases glycogen stores
involved in protein synthesis
Promotes glucose & amino acid uptake
Suppresses fat oxidation
diabetes: type 1: Insulin is not produced 2. Type 2: Insulin resistance; Hypoglycemia: (Insulin shock) low blood glucose
estradiol also called oestrogen， major female sex hormone
catabolic Hormones （Increase energy availability，increase blood glucose， increase force production, Vasodilation - the widening of blood vessels due to the relaxation of the blood vessel's muscular walls， enhance blood flow, Stimulates anabolic hormone release）
Epinephrine
increases cardiac output, blood sugar
glycogen breakdown
fat metabolism
Norepinephrine
properties of epinephrine + constricts blood vessels
Cortisol (glucocorticoid)
Converts the amino acids into glucose, Promotes protein breakdown
conserves blood glucose
suppress immune cell function
Promotes fat oxidation
Cortisol increases during exercise： Training stimulates acute cortisol release necessary for remodeling process
High volume, large muscle group, short rest period = larger serum cortisol; more damage, also more GH
Progesterone 黄体酮 体内主要的孕激 它的主要作用是维持妊娠并调节女性的月经周期
Dopamine
Training adaptation: High Intensity (10RM), short rest 10-60 sec, high heart rate
Number of receptors can be altered， Ex: Testosterone increase from training can increase number of receptors but not sensitivity of receptors
Steroid Hormone Interactions， a class of hormones including testosterone, cortisol, estradiol
Cross the cell membrane
Form a hormone-receptor complex (H-RC) when binding with the receptors
use DNA to transcribe units and synthesize specific proteins
Heavy Resistance Training and Hormone Response
Increases anabolic hormone concentrations
increases membrane and receptor sensitivity to anabolic factors
Increases number of hormone receptors
in the case of Overtraining: Catabolic actions can exceed anabolic actions, downregulation of receptors