Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chemical Principles - Coggle Diagram
Chemical Principles
Major Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates: Energy source and polar (water-soluble)
Contain C, H, O (C₁H₂O₁ ratio)
Monosaccharides: Single sugar (e.g., Glucose, Fructose)
Disaccharides: Two sugars (e.g., Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose)
Polysaccharides: Many sugars (e.g., Starch, Cellulose)
Lipids/Fat: Non-polar (hydrophobic, water-insoluble)
Functions:
Cell membranes (phospholipids)
Energy storage
Fats: Made of glycerol + fatty acids
Monoglycerides: glycerol + 1 fatty acid
Diglycerides: glycerol + 2 fatty acids
Triglycerides: glycerol + 3 fatty acids
-
Phospholipids: Form cell membranes, Composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group
Steroids: Four-ring structure (e.g., Cholesterol, Vitamin D), These are found mainly in Eukaryotes, not in Prokaryotes (bacteria).
-
Nucleic Acids: Made of Nucleotides (DNA, RNA).
Function: Stores genetic information (DNA, RNA)
Components
Nitrogenous Base
Purines (A, G)
Pyrimidines (C, T, U)
-
-
-
Chemical Bonds
Covalent Bonds: Strongest bond-Formed when atoms share electrons (e.g., H₂O)
Ionic Bonds: Medium strength-Formed by electron transfer (e.g., NaCl _Na+ Cl-).
Attraction between positive and negative ions
Hydrogen Bonds: Weakest bond-Attraction between partially charged molecules (e.g., water molecules). Creates polar molecules (unequal electron sharing)