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Module 7: WAN Concepts - Coggle Diagram
Module 7: WAN Concepts
7.1.1 LAN y WAN
LAN
WAN
7.1.2 WAN privadas y públicas
Topologías WAN
7.2 Funciones de WAN :
Standards
TIA/EIA - Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic Industries Alliance
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
WAN in the OSI MODEL
Common WAN Terminology
WAN Devices
Circuit-Switched Communication
Network communication can be implemented using circuit-switched communication. A circuit-switched network establishes a dedicated circuit (or channel) between endpoints before the users can communicate.
Specifically, circuit switching dynamically establishes a dedicated virtual connection through the service provider network before voice or data communication can start.
For example, when a user makes a telephone call using a landline, the number called is used by the provider equipment to create a dedicated circuit from the caller to the called party.
SDH, SONET, and DWDM
7.3 Traditional WAN Connectivity
When LANs appeared in the 1980s, organizations began to see the need to interconnect with other locations. To do so, they needed their networks to connect to the local loop of a service provider.
When permanent dedicated connections were required, a point-to-point link using copper media was used to provide a pre-established WAN communications path from the customer premises to the provider network. There are two systems used to define the digital capacity of a copper media serial link
T-carrier - Used in North America, T-carrier provides T1 links supporting bandwidth up to 1.544 Mbps and T3 links supporting bandwidth up to 43.7 Mbps.
E-carrier - Used in Europe, E-carrier provides E1 links supporting bandwidth up to 2.048 Mbps and E3 links supporting bandwidth up to 34.368 Mbps
Circuit-switched connections are provided by Public Service Telephone Network (PSTN) carriers. The local loop connecting the CPE to the CO is copper media. There are two traditional circuit-switched options.
Public Service Telephone Network (PSTN)
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Packet switching segments data into packets that are routed over a shared network. Circuit-switched networks require a dedicated circuit to be established. In contrast, packet-switching networks allow many pairs of nodes to communicate over the same channel.
There are two traditional (legacy) packet-switched connectivity options.
Frame Relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
7.4 Modern WAN Connectivity
Modern WANS have more connectivity options that traditional WANs. Enterprises now require faster and more flexible WAN connectivity options.
New technologies are continually emerging. The figure summarizes the modern WAN connectivity options.
Ethernet was originally developed as a LAN access technology and was not suitable as a WAN access technology due primarily to the limited distance provided by copper media.
However, newer Ethernet standards using fiber-optic cables have made Ethernet a reasonable WAN access option.
The following are several benefits to an Ethernet WAN
Reduced expenses and administration
Easy integration with existing networks
Enhanced business productivity
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a high-performance service provider WAN routing technology to interconnect clients without regard to access method or payload. MPLS supports a variety of client access methods (e.g., Ethernet, DSL, Cable, Frame Relay).
An MPLS router can be a customer edge (CE) router, a provider edge (PE) router, or an internal provider (P) router. Notice that MPLS supports a variety of client access connections.
7.5 Internet-Based Connectivity
Modern WAN connectivity options do not end with Ethernet WAN and MPLS.
DLS
Technology
Connections
Cable Technology
Optical Fiber
Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
Fiber to the Building (FTTB)
Fiber to the Node/Neighborhood (FTTN)
VPN Technology
Is an encrypted connection between private networks over a public network, such as the internet.
ISP Connectivity Options
Single-homed
Dual-homed
Multihomed
Dual-multihomed
