Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
How successful were the First (1953-7) and Second FYPs (1958-62) at…
How successful were the First (1953-7) and Second FYPs (1958-62) at achieving their aims?
AIMS
POLITICAL
1st - to establish a strong, independent and respected nation after years of being "trampled upon" by foreign
INDUSTRIAL
Primary aims to develop heavy industry - stimulate transformation towards socialist society in the industrial sector
Second FYP - desire to surpass the achievements of 1FYP and achieve simultaneous development of industry and agriculture "Walking on Two legs" -> GREATER self-sufficiency and decentralised economic production organised by local people - mass mobilisation
AGRICULTURAL
First FYP - consolidate support of peasantry fulfilling land reform and increasing agricultural production -> initiate socialist transformation of country-side
Second FYP - to drastically increase food yiles to support growing industrialisation
POLITICAL
FIRST FYP
China emulated the Soviet model - a significant political choice - seen as the leading example of a successful socialist state
SECOND FYP
Ideological success through the collectivisation process - introduction of people's communes during the Great Leap Forward
HOWEVER, these ideological successes reversed by Liu and Deng's reforms which were necessary to stabilise the economy -> ideological set back as capitalist elements reintroduced
INDUSTRIAL
FIRST FYP
Met the industrial target -> output grew by 15.5% and heavy output nearly tripled
Aim to stimulate heavy industry achieved BUT -> loans from Soviet Union meant that they had not achieved the self-sufficiency desired -> now owed them lots of money
SECOND FYP
Increase in production of some raw materials such as steel and oil
Mass mobilisation of the people achieved with the backyard furnaces
BUT -> waste of time, materials produced were useless and no one wanted to buy them -> waste of labour
OVERALL -> First FYP somewhat successful as it fulfilled the aim of increasing industrial ouput BUT success was limited as aim of self-sufficiency not met
2nd FYP - > though mass mobilisation achieved -> disaster and backyard furnaces were a waste of labour -> by 1962 industrial output had declined 40% from 1958-59 level
AGRICULTURAL
First FYP - saw growth of Agricultural Producers Cooperatives - peasants pooling togehter resources but only saw the value of agricultural output growing by 2.1% per year
Second FYP - people's communes successfuly abolished private farming -> organised peasants into collective units -> achieved goal of collectiivsation BUT disastrous results - The Great Famine -> largest man made famine in history, up to 30M died -> led to retreat from these radical policies and more capitalist agricultural policies implemented in thrid FYP as a consequence to stabilise economy
1st FYP not very successful, 2nd FYP not successful at all
OVERALL -> first FYP only saw partial success in achieving its aims, and second FYP -> barely any success seen at all -> led to largest famine in history