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Education - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Social solidarity
        
        Required to function
        
        Education teaches culture, beliefs and norms
        
        Without, people become selfish and society collapses
      - Specialist skills
        
        Modern industries are complex
        
        Education teaches specialist knowledge and skills
    - - School is the bridge between family and society
      - Family = particularistic standards and ascribed School = universalistic standards
      - Status is achieved through hard work and determination
    - - Role allocation
      - Sifts people by skill into roles
      - Inequality is needed
        
        High skills people need to go into important roles
    - - Circular argument - roles are important so highly rewarded, highly rewarded as they are important
      - Equality in education does not exsist
      - School does not teach specialised skills
  - - - 'one size fits all' does not work
    - - Consumer choice
        
        Answers to the parents not the state
        
        Private schools deliver better education
        
        School more responsive once parental control in place
    - - Imposes a national curriculem
        
        Ofsted reports/evaluation
      - National curriculum
        
        imposes a shared culture
    - - Meritocracy favours the middle-class due to cultural capital
      - Low education standards are due to poor funding
      - There is no shared culture - claimed by the new right
  - - - Ideological state apparutus
      - Repressive state - police/court
      - Ideological state - education
      - Education reproduces class inequalities and justifies them
    - - Capatalism needs a submissive work force
      - Education reproduce submission
        
        Rewards submissive behaviour
      - Correspondence principle + Hidden curriculum
        
        School acts as a workplace to allow them to accept inequality
        
        Hierachy within school
      - Myth of meritocracy
        
        Education makes individuals believe that they do have equal opportunity
        
        Main factor determining success = cultural capital
        
        Working class accept inequality
    - - Learning to labour
        
        Capitalism cannot function without a submissive workforce
        
        Working Class pupils can resist indoctrination
      - Lad's counter culture
        
        12 boys - qualitative data
        
        Anti-school counter-culture
        
        School was boring and meaningless
        
        Rejected education, thus failed
        
        Sustained capitalism through working low-paid jobs
    - - Society today has a very different workforce to what is discribed by marxists
      - Willis 'romanticises' the lads so may be biased in research
      - Ignores other kinds of inequality
- - - - Language
        
        Restrictited
        
        Used by the WC
        
        Short, simple sentences
        
        Elaborated
        
        Used by MC
        
        Grammatically correct, longer sentences
        
        Used in school - MC at an advantage
        
        MC fluent in the 'best' speech code
        
        Evaluation
        
        Describes the WC speech code as inadequate
        
        Highlights the schools failing to teach the student
      - Parents' education
        
        WC have lower education
        
        Place less value on education
        
        Children hold same value, thus preform worse
        
        Parenting style
        
        Educated parents focus on consistent disciplin
        
        Uneducated focus on harsh/inconsistent disciplin that prevent learning
        
        Parents' educational behaviour
        
        Educated parents are more aware of what their child needs for sucsess
        
        Read more, teach child, promote good behaviour with parents
        
        Use of income
        
        Bernstein and Young
        
        MC mothers are more likely to buy educatinal toys to stimulate children
        
        Better educated parents buy educational toys
      - Working-class Subculture
        
        Sugarman
        
        Fatalism (belief in fate)
        
        Collectivism
        
        Immediate gratification
        
        Present-time orintation
        
        MC have more amition
        
        Parents pass values onto children
      - Compensatory education
        
        Operation head start
      - Evaluation
        
        Keddie
        
        Victim blaming
        
        Children cannot be deprived of their own culture
        
        Issue is the schools attitude
    - - Housing
        
        Overcrowding
        
        Harder to study
        
        Easy to become ill
        
        Nowhere to do HW
        
        Impared development as nowhere to play
        
        Trouble sleeping
      - Diet and Health
        
        Howard
        
        Lower intake of nutrients
        
        More absences
        
        Increase in behavioural problems
        
        More likely to partake in fighting/tantrums
      - Finacial support and cost of education
        
        Bull
        
        Education isn't truley free
        
        Uniform, equipment, trips
        
        20% FSM students dont use it
      - Fear of Debt
        
        Callender and Jackson
        
        WC students debt adverse compared to MC
        
        Less obtaining higher education
        
        Less finacial support from families who go to uni
    - - Cultural capital
        
        Knowledge, attitudes, values, languages of the MC
        
        Provides advantage in life/school
      - Educational/economic capital
        
        Afford to live in catchment area/tutoring
      - Evaluation
        
        Sullivan
        
        Questionsairs across 4 schools
        
        Complex fiction probvided greater vocav
        
        Mostly MC
  - - - Becker
        
        Teachers have an 'ideal' pupil
        
        Labells children based on their sterotype
        
        Favours white MC
      - Schools produce WC underachievement
      - Poor work is accepted
      - Rists
        
        Children seperated by class in P school
      - Self-fulfilling propechy
        
        Rosenthal + Jacbonson
        
        IQ test hidden as progress tracker
        
        Pupils lablled positively
        
        Excelled in school
        
        Halo/devil effect
    - - A-C economy
      - Educational Triage
        
        Pass
        
        Borderline C/D (help needed)
        
        Hopeless
      - Gillborn + Youdell
    - - Pro-school subculture
        
        High streams = MC pupils
        
        Commited to school values
        
        Academic sucsess
      - Anti-school subculture
        
        Low streams = LC pupils
        
        Lower self-esteem
        
        More negative feeling towards school
        
        Gains status through peers
        
        self-fullfilling failing propechy
      - Abolishing Streaming
        
        Ball
        
        If school bans streaming labelled continued
      - Pupil responses
        
        Intagration
        
        Riualism
        
        Retreatism
        
        Rebellion
    - - Ways of thinking, being and acting
      - MC habitus favoured over WC
    - - Withholding capital = symbolic violence
      - Archer
        
        WC pupils felt they had to change to fit in
    - - Archer
        
        Branded clothes increase popularity
        
        School stigmatises WC pupils
    - - WC have to change themselves, or fail
      - Locality and identity where inseperable
      - Changing identity, will reject their locality
    - - Many unis arent 'meant' for WC
      - Girls had a stornger locality attatchment
- - - - Gorard
        
        Coursework was favoured by girls
        
        Spend more time on work
        
        Better at deadlines
    - - White boys got more attention
      - Boys dominate whole-class discussion
      - Girls have lower self-esteem
- - - - New right influence on conservative
      - Emphasis on compettiion/choice in education
      - Greater compitition = greater preformance
      - Expanding of good schools
      - Parents had option of schooling choice
    - - Holds everyone to similar standards
    - - Comparisons of school
      - Parents could choose a good school for their parents
      - A-C economy
      - Evaluation
        
        Stessful on students
        
        MC benifit
    - - Holds schools to high standards
      - Evaluation
        
        Forced stress on school
        
        Teachers act different
    - - GCSE, A-level
      - Comparison of schools
    - - Allow parents to have options with school
      - Evaluation
        
        Forced compitition between pupils
    - - Removing students before exam