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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM, TERMS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Above scalp, keratinisation complete - HAIR YOU CAN SEE
      - MEDULLA
        
        Central core, larger cells, air spaces
      - CORTEX
        
        Flattened cells surrounding medulla
      - CUTICLE
        
        Overlapping cells, single external layer
    - - Within scalp - keratinisation ongoing
  - - - Expanded area at deep end of follicle
    - - Root hair plexus: sensory nerve endings that wrap around bulb
        
        RESPONSIBLE FOR HAIR PULLING HURTING
  - - - Fine body hair of children & adult females
    - - Coarse hair on SCALP & EYEBROWS
- - - - TISSUE BENEATH BASE OF NAIL - WHERE NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED Thickened portion of bed (nail growth)
    - - SKIN AROUND BOTTOM & SIDES OF NAIL Skin fold that overlaps border of nail
    - - CUTICLE Projects onto surface of nail body
    - - NAIL END Area under free edge, accumulates dirt
    - - WHITE PART Thickened nail matrix.
- - - - Consists of epithelial tissue
      - Vascular
      - 4 CELL TYPES
        
        KERATINCYTES
        
        Produces protein - increases strength & toughness
        
        MELANOCYTES
        
        Produces melanin: skin colour
        
        UV acts on melanocytes to produce melanin = TAN
        
        Once cells leave skin shows up normal colouring again.
        
        MELANIN PRODUCTION IS TEMPORARY FOR THOSE WHO DON’T TAN MUCH.
        
        Nucleus of cells mutate when too much UV.
        
        Melanomas
        
        Cancer
        
        DENDRITIC CELLS
        
        Macrophages = seek out debri, foreign particles, things that have reached skin barrier & EAT THEM UP.
        
        MERKEL CELLS
        
        Sensory receptors - sense touch
    - - Fibrous, connective tissue
      - Vascular
      - 2 LAYERS
        
        PAPILLARY
        
        AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
        
        LOOSE COLLAGEN & ELASTIC FIBRE MATRIX
        
        DERMAL PAPILLAE
        
        Finger-like projections into epidermis.
        
        CONTAINS
        
        Capillary loops
        
        Nerve endings
        
        Touch receptors
        
        Help form epidermis ridges (IN THICK SKIN) - A FINGER PRINT. Extend from dermis & project up into epidermal region.
        
        RETICULAR
        
        Course, dense, fibrous connective tissue.
        
        ELASTIC FIBRES
        
        Stretch & recoil
        
        COLLAGEN FIBRES
        
        Strength
        
        Bind water
        
        Hydration
  - - - HIGH-ABRASION AREAS (more susceptible to knocks & rubbing)
        
        5 LAYERS
        
        Elbows
        
        Knees
        
        Feet
    - - LOW-ABRASION AREAS
        
        Abdomen
        
        Inner arm
        
        4 STRATA
- - - - LOCATION
        
        PLAMS
        
        SOLES
        
        FOREHEAD
        
        EVERYWHERE but mainly
      - SECRETION METHOD:
        
        Merocrine: exocytosis
        
        Cell RELEASES substances from cell using part of membrance called VESICLES
      - FUNCTIONS
        
        Temperature control
        
        THERMOREGULATION
        
        Evaporation Cooling
        
        Sweat secreted onto surface, begins to evaporate - requires heat which is taken from skin . As sweat evaporates = cools skin + lowers overall body temp.
        
        Some antibacterial properties
      - SECRETION TYPE
        
        Hypotonic filtrate of blood plasma - 99% WATER
      - SECRETION EXIT
        
        SKINS SURFACE
    - - FUNCTIONS
        
        Lubricate/softens & moisturises skin & hair
        
        Palms get dry because they aren’t evident on thin skin.
        
        If on feet you’d be sliding all over the place
        
        Helps prevent water loss
        
        Antibacterial properties
      - LOCATION
        
        Everywhere EXCEPT PALMS & SOLES
      - SECRETION TYPE
        
        Sebum (oily secretion)
      - SECRETION METHOD
        
        Holocrine
        
        Cell bursts releasing contents - sebum & remnants of dead cells
    - - FUNCTIONS
        
        May act as sexual scent glands
      - SECRETION EXIT
        
        Upper part of hair follicle; rarely skins surface
      - LOCATION
        
        Axillery (arm pits)
        
        Anogential areas (anus & genital)
      - MODIFIED
        
        MAMMARY GLANDS
        
        Secret milk
        
        CERUMINOUS GLANDS
        
        Secret cerumen (earwax)
      - SECRETION TYPE
        
        THICKER: Filtrate of bllood plasma with added proteins & substances