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Chapter 13: Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation of Selected Tests …
Chapter 13: Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation of Selected Tests
Test Validity
Construct validity: extent that test measures what it is designed to
Face validity: appearance to athlete/observers that test measures what its suppose to
Content validity: assessment by experts that testing covers all relevant subtopics/component abilities in appropriate proportions
Criterion-Referenced validity: extent to which test scores are associated with some other measure of the same ability
Concurrent validity: extent to which test scores are associated with those of other accepted tests of same ability
Convergent validity: evidenced by high positive correlation between results of the test being assessed and those of the recognized measure of the construct
Predictive validity: extent to which the test score corresponds with future behavior or performance
Discriminant validity: ability of a test to distinguish between two different constructs
Reliability
Test-retest reliability: Statistical correlation of scores from two test administrations to the same group
Intra-subject variability: Lack of consistent performance by the person being tested
Inter-rater reliability (objectivity): Degree to which different raters agree in their test results over time or on repeated occasions
Intra-rater variability: Lack of consistent scores by a given tester
Sequence of Testing: Minimize testing effect on subsequent tests, Minimize recovery between tests, Be performed at same time of day
Non-fatiguing tests, like vertical jump
Agility tests, like T-test, pro agility test
Max power & strength tests (1RMs)
Sprint tests
Local muscular endurance tests, like push-up test
Fatiguing anaerobic capacity tests, 300 yard shuttle run
Aerobic capacity tests, 1.5 mile run
Interpretation of Test Scores
1 RM Testing considered good score: bench press - 1X BW; Power Clean - 1.25 X BW; squat- 1.5 XBW
Vertical Jump: Maximal muscle power test; Best of 3 trials; 10-16in for women; 15-25in for men
Static Vertical Jump: No countermovement, 2-3 sec hold with knee angle 110 degree
Reactive strength index (advanced): Countermovement measurement; Obtain jump height AND contact time; Reactive strength index = jump height / contact time
Margaria-Kalamen Test: Max Muscular Power Test (high-speed strength): Vertical distance: 1.05m 3rd - 9th step, require timing plates
300 Yard Shuttle: Anaerobic Capacity, 2 lines 25 yards apart, Sprint down, make foot contact with line, sprint back for 6 rounds, average of 2 trials recorded; Roughly 67-73 seconds for women; Roughly 56-73 seconds for men
Local Muscular Endurance
Partial curl up: 40 beats per minute metronome, Curling up to touch tape line
Push-up Test: Hands and feet for males Max # in 2 minutes, Rest in top position only, contact with fists, army standards; Hands and knees for females (ACSM)
Aerobic Capacity
1.5 mile run
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test
12 mins run
VO2max (lab test)
50th percentile college-aged men = 44 ml/kg/min
50th percentile college-aged women= 38 ml/kg/min
Average Male Athletes = 44-51 ml/kg/min
Average Female Athletes = 35-43 ml/kg/min
Should be higher for endurance athletes (50-55+)
Agility Test
T-T Test: Roughly 10 sec
Hexagon Test
Pro-Agility Test (5-10-5): Roughly 4.5 seconds for men, 5 sec for women
5-0-5 Agility Test
Test Selection based on sports
Volleyball: Energy System: Primarily Anaerobic, Muscular Demands: Power, Agility; Tests: 300 yard shuttle run, Vertical Jump, 5/10/5
American Football: Energy System: ATP-PC/ Anaerobic, Muscular Demands: Strength/ Power/ Hypertrophy/
Agility, Tests: 5/10/5, 40 yard dash, 1RM testing, Vertical Jump, long jump, T-test
Soccer: Energy System: Primarily Aerobic/ some Anaerobic, Muscular Demands: Endurance, Agility, Tests: Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Test, 12 minute run, 1.5 mile run, Vertical Jump, Hexagon test
Baseball: Energy System: ATP-PC/ Anaerobic, Muscular Demands: Power/ Speed, Tests: 1RM testing, 40 yard dash, base run test
Lacrosse: Energy System: Aerobic/ Anaerobic,Muscular Demands: Agility, maneuverability, Strength, Tests: Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Test, Hexagon Test, Push-up test, Pro Agility Test
Basketball: Energy System: Aerobic/ Anaerobic, Muscular Demands: Endurance/ Power, Tests: yo-yo intermittent recovery test, vertical jump, 1 RM
Cross-country runner: Energy System: Aerobic, muscular demand: endurance, tests: 12 minute run, 1.5 mile run, sit-up test
Tennis: Energy System: ATP-PC/ Anaerobic, Muscular Demands: Power/ Agility, Tests: pro agility test, balance error scoring system, long jump