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Diagnostic tools - Coggle Diagram
Diagnostic tools
Rosenhan
- 12 psuedopatients set up appointments at 12 different hospitals across 5 different states. They all reported the same symptoms of hearing auditory hallucinations (thud, empty, hollow). All other information given was the truth
- Once patients were admitted they stopped reporting any symptoms and behaved as they normally would
- Unstructured observation - psuedopatients recorded any information that they deemed important and kept a record of all interactions that they had in the hospital
- Structured observation - pseudopatients approached staff members asking them for help or a question. They then recorded their response and body language to compare to the same observation carried out at a college
Results:
- All 12 patients were admitted, 11 with Sz and 1 with manic bipolar disorder
- Patients were kept there for 7-52 days (mean of 19 days)
- No staff raised any suspicion
- Around 1/3 of patients raised suspicion
- Depersonalisation - all psuedopatients reported being treated as inhuman
- Over pathologisation of behaviour - waiting outside of canteen recorded as oral inquisitive syndrome
- Structured observation - only 2% of staff members gave a verbal response and only 23% made eye contact
Follow on study:
- Rosenhan told psych hospitals that they would be sending more pseudopatients
- The staff were told to rate any patients based on how likely they were to be fake
- Around 25% were rated to be fake by at least one member of staff
ICD-10
A comprehensive list of all diseases, not just mental. Section F is specific to mental health disorders
Coding: F to represent mental health disorder and then a digit to show which mental health disorder. A further digit specifies which type of the disorder
Provides a guidance on the common symptoms of the disorder and how it may present in different types of patient
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4 Ds
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Dysfunction - person unable to cope with everyday life and normal tasks are being significantly interfered with
Not all people with a MHD are dysfunctional and a large amount seem to cope with everyday life on the surface
Distress - involves negative emotions such as anxiety, unhappiness, isolation etc. which persist for long periods of time or are out of the ordinary
People often experience distress that does not indicate a MHD, such as grief or work stress - hard to determine what is out of the ordinary
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DSM-5
Made up of 3 sections:
- A guide on how it should be used
- List of all mental health disorders including diagnostic criteria and explanations for each disorder
- All resources that may be used to make a diagnosis such as questionnaires etc. including guides on how they should be used
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