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Methodological Design for Carrying Out an Educational Research Process -…
Methodological Design for Carrying Out an Educational Research Process
FORMAL INVESTIGATION
Central theme
It is specifically about the main topic we are going to work on.
Conceptual Framework
Includes:
• Concepts
• Definitions
• Theoretical framework
Work environment
Setting the practical framework, defining practical aspects of the phenomenon, and determining the field of research.
Proposal of the topic
Basic establishment of the topic. Development of the general research approach. Research content.
Demonstration of the theme
Development of theoretical and practical aspects. Development of applications. Practical application of theory.
Contribution of the topic
Contribution of the basic aspects of research.
Research methods, techniques, and tools
Complementary aspects of the topic
Conclusions, annexes, bibliography, other points.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Participant observation
The researcher immerses himself in the context. He or she enters the study group and becomes part of it. He or she provides descriptions of events, people, and interactions between them. The advantage is that he or she has firsthand experiences that allow him or her to understand the situation or the group's behavior. He or she describes the researcher's feelings. This is captured in a field notebook or journal.
Interview
With this technique the researcher obtains information about the point of view and experience of the people/groups.
The interview can be open, if there is no prior script, semi-structured if it adapts to a way of obtaining as much information as possible, or structured if it adapts to a predefined script.
Discussion group
It is used to understand the range of opinions: (breaking the cult of the "expert"). Focus group, discussion group, focus group.
Focus group
It can be used before, during, and after a research project to obtain the group's perceptions and beliefs about certain services.
It's a group discussion. The people in it have common ground. The researcher allows for spontaneous discussion.
Start of the focus group
Participants sit in a circle. The facilitator introduces himself and indicates that he is not an expert on the topic being discussed. He asks permission to record on tape or video so that he can carefully analyze the various verbal and paraverbal opinions.
Focus group analysis
Another person with the same information should come to the same conclusions.
A) Organize the data: For the first question...
B) Give it shape: this is where the range of opinions comes from.
C) Summarize: Without quantifying the responses. The goal is to achieve a broad range of opinions.
D) Explain: and draw conclusions.
Group techniques
They use questionnaires to collect information. They use quantitative techniques to obtain their results. In the Delhi technique, the group is virtual; they never meet. In the nominal group, although the group knows each other, they cannot initially communicate verbally. The language they use is scientific and technical.
Qualitative techniques work with traditional social language, which includes the emotive function (relationship between the message and the sender), connotative (relationship between the message and the receiver), aesthetic (the object of communication is the message itself) and metalinguistic (the message has another message as its object).
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Realization
When the project or research to be carried out begins.
Place
Example:
In the Brasil neighborhood of Bosa, we worked with the LITTLE GIANTS GARDEN, where three classes were involved.
population
Boys and girls between the ages of 3 and 5. 300 children
Goals
Improve the psychosocial conditions of vulnerable children to provide them with a future appropriate to their personal, family, and community characteristics.
By applying playful pedagogy to the teaching process at the Escuelita and Pequeños Gigantes kindergartens, we seek to improve the emotional health of vulnerable children in these kindergartens.
Duration and frequency
It lasted five months, visiting each garden twice a week, with an intensity of 2 hours.
Themes
Topics covered: Social competence, Respect, Child abuse, Stress, Anxiety, Depression, etc.
Methodology
The techniques used during the sessions are framed within play therapy with basic systemic therapy stimulations, which include: Dramatic Play, Group Therapy, Rational Emotive Imagery.
Sessions
Meeting to plan, discuss, or gather information.
Evaluative indicators
These indicators are studied in all sessions before, during and after their application.
Statistical records
This population receives formative axiological training in values of coexistence that serves to prepare them as citizens and as learners in the generation of assertive social capital. The statistics are not high due to the ambivalent influence of two participants who are in the transition stage between heteronomy and autonomy.
Results
Statistics based on the elaboration of the sessions and other data provided.
Conclusions
In order to achieve positive and beneficial outcomes for the target population, it is essential for the community educators in charge of these children to become multipliers of our work; that is why playful, therapeutic, and recreational sessions were implemented with these women.
PRIMARY RESEARCH
Market research
Information needs assessment; Market research to obtain this information; Research on existing resources; Primary research with wholesalers, retailers, and other major buyers; Primary research including consumer surveys; Consumer tasting groups.
Market research
Outline the required actions, i.e., the "4 Key Actions" - Product, Price, Place, Promotion.
Marketing mix
Product, price, place and promotion
PRODUCT: The taste and other properties of products preferred by consumers; the quantities, packaging, and sizes consumers purchase; the presentation, including labels; the brand name.
PRICE: Competitors' wholesale and retail prices; competitors' price responses to a new product; price variations based on location and consumer type; pricing methods.
PLACE: Where and how to sell the product; advantages of different types of distributors; how distributors can be supplied; distributors' needs in terms of quantity, delivery, and price; costs involved in different distribution options.
PROMOTION: Required advertising; other promotional tools used, such as free samples; costs incurred for various types of promotion.
Financial plan
Cash flow projection; profit and loss statement projection; break-even analysis; sources of financing.