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acute vs persistent viral infection - Coggle Diagram
acute vs persistent viral infection
persistent infection
latent
persists at very low levels following recovery
replicates at immune privileged sites
no viral protein//virus particles production
limited recognition of molecules on infected cells
latency associated transcripts (reduce MHC expression, bloack apoptosis)
allow viruses to survive in cells hidden from immune system
potential to reactivate
occurs under certain circumstances
stress
immunosuppression
intermittent episodes of recurrent disease and virus shedding
allow transmission to naive host
example
bovine herpesvirus1
invades: nasopharynx/genital tract
replicates in epithelial cell
transport media: sensory nerve
secondary replication sites: ganglionic neurones (immune privileged sites)
periodic reactivation (intermittent episodes of recurrent disease and virus shedding)
chronic
type 1: persistent infection with virus shedding
type 2: slow, progressive infection following acute infection
type 3: virus detectable for years/lifetime
factors involved in persistence
immun evasion (evade immmune system) (also seen in acute infection)
tolerance of the virus by the body
virus variants with antigenic variants (virus constantly changing surface antigen to avoid immune syetm)
replication at immune privileged site
immunosuppression
acute
def
short and sharp
outcomes
rapid, self-limiting infection
always able eliminate the virus by immune system and recover