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(Ri Tong) ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS & MIXTURES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The elements alone or in combinations make up the entire universe such as the Sun, the Earth and all living and non-living things.
        
        e.g. the percentage of oxygen in the Earth's crust is 49.5%, the percentage of carbon in the human body is 65.0%
  - - - It is a pure substance which is made up of TWO OR MORE ATOMS OF THE SAME TYPE CHEMICALLY joined together
  - - - GENERAL PROPERTIES
        
        SHINY
        
        GOOD CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT
        
        MALLEABLE
        
        DUCTILE
        
        HIGH DENSITY
        
        HIGH MELTING AND BOILING POINTS
        
        SONOROUS
      - EXAMPLES
        
        COPPER
        
        ZINC
    - - GENERAL PROPERTIES
        
        DULL
        
        POOR CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT
        
        NOT MALLEABLE
        
        BRITTLE
        
        LOW DENSITY
        
        LOW MELTING AND BOILING POINTS
      - EXAMPLES
        
        IODINE
        
        SULFUR
    - - GENERAL PROPERTIES
        
        Have properties of BOTH metals and non-metals. E.g. some are shiny while others are dull.
      - EXAMPLES
        
        SILICON
        
        BORON
  - - - A chart to organise and display the elements
      - It helps us obtain basic information about each element readily
    - - Each element is represented by a chemical symbol that contains 1 OR 2 letters.
        
        NOTE: The first letter must be a capital letter
      - There are 7 HORIZONTAL ROWS called PERIODS
      - EACH VERTICAL column of elements is called a GROUP, or FAMILY.
- - - - e.g. iron+sulfur= iron(II) sulfide
        
        Iron
        
        PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
        
        Grayish colour
        
        Ductile and malleable
        
        Can be attracted by magnets
        
        Melting point: 1536°C
        
        CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
        
        Can react with oxygen and water to form rust
        
        Sulfur
        
        CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
        
        Can react with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide
        
        PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
        
        Yellow colour
        
        Melting point:112°C
        
        Iron(II) sulfide
        
        PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
        
        Black colour
        
        Cannot be attracted by magnets
        
        Melting point: 1194°C
        
        CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
        
        Powdered iron(II) sulfide ignites spontaneously in air