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TOPIC 25 - RELAPTIONSHIP OF CAUSE, CONSEQUENCE AND FINALITY - Coggle…
TOPIC 25 - RELAPTIONSHIP OF CAUSE, CONSEQUENCE AND FINALITY
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CAUSE OR REASON
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Adverbial Clauses
As / Since: preceding the main clause (emphasis) (As you were late, we left without you)
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Non-finite CLauses
Past Participle: *Requested by the manager, he stayed longer.*
Present Participle: Having finished the task, she left the office.
Specific Verbs
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Lead to, result in, give rise to, bring about
Prepositional Phrases
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On account of / Because of / Owing to / due to: direct reason (Because of the weather, we caneled the trip)
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Minor Cases: "if", "that"
If: conditional sense - If you dislike it, why do it?
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RESULT OR CONSEQUENCE
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Too & Enough
Enough: implies a sufficient result. Preceeded by adjective / adverb , or followed by noun. (She is sensible enough not to take risks).
Too implies an excessive result. Followed by an adjective or adverb phrase. (They are too selfish to help people)
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Adverbial clauses
Result clauses: using that, so that, so (Help arrived slowly, so the situation worsened).
Degree results: so + adj/adv + that or such + noun + that (It was so cold that the lake froze // It was such a disaster that everyone evacuated).
Quantity-related results: so much/many + noun + that (There were so many applicants that interviews took days.)
Non-finite clause
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Participles: * Having been convinced, he left the room.*
PURPOSE OR FINALITY
Verbs
- Prevent, allow, enable, let, make, give certain verbs inherently express purpose.
- Example: Doctors work to prevent children from contracting diseases → rephrased as: Doctors work so that children won’t contract diseases.
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Preposition "FOR"
- For + noun phrase - I don’t do it for money.
- For + gerund (for typical purpose of an object/place) - A glass is for drinking.
- For + pronoun + infinitive - ( When subject of the subordinate action differs from the main clause) - I provided water for them to drink.
- Towards - He saved towards a crisis.
ADVERBIALS
subjuncts
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- Viewpoint subjuncts: Refer to the sentence as a whole. (Frankly, I don’t agree.)
- Courtesy subjuncts: Express politeness. (Please, wait here)
- Focus on specific elements
Emphasizers: even (e.g., Even he understood).
Intensifiers: very (e.g., She is very happy).
Focusers: only, mainly (e.g., Only you can do it).
Manner subjuncts: intentionally (e.g., Intentionally, they avoided mentioning the fire).
Disjuncts
Provide evaluative commentary or judgment. Reflect the speaker's attitude or assess facts. They are optional. - Fortunately, the storm subsided before causing more harm.
Different types
- Comment on truth of statement: probably, certainly.
- Evaluate a fact: fortunately, actually.
- Comment on expression: briefly, in other words.
- Assess the subject: wisely, she spent the money.
Conjuncts
The storm caused severe damage; therefore, many people were displaced.
Link sentences and express relationships between them (cause, result, contrast). Serve as text organisers, guiding the structure of a text.
Adjuncts
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Express relations of time, place, manner, reason, condition - Karen symbolically travelled to the affected area