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Observations - Coggle Diagram
Observations
Measure Properties of Astronomical Objects
Properties of Astronomical Objects
position & motion
proper motion and RV
Doppler shift
line width
mass
gravity and rotation
virial theorem
size/morphology
angular size and distance
unresolved star
unresolved planet
unresolved orbit
imaging
luminosity
flux and distance
temperature
kinetic
effective
effective, color
excitation and ionization
age
population
population synthesis
single stars
environment
multiple stars and clusters
Galaxy clusters
ISM and IGM
composition
atomic / metallicity
molecular
structure
Seismology
Asteroseismology
magnetic field
components for galaxies
stellar population
ISM / gas+dust
dark matter
central blackhole
M87
through extinction
reddening
Bulk properties
Types of Astronomical Objects
Planets and minor bodies
Stars and compact bodies
ISM / IGM, diffuse matter
Galaxies
Other stuff in the Universe, e.g. CMB, DM, “Dark Energy”, etc.
The Universe itself
Time variation
Hubble Constant
Distances
Trigonometry
Angular speed vs. radial velocity (for star cluster)
Brightness vs. Luminosity (e.g., Standard Candles)
Quantify Measurements
Noise and Errors
Error estimates
SNR
The Goal of All Measurements is A High Enough SNR!
Random Processes: Poisson, Gaussian
Error Propagation
High Uncertainty
High Bias
Systematic vs. Random Errors