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acid and bases - Coggle Diagram

- - - - an alkalis is a soluble base
  - - - they turn red litmus paper blue
      - they are corrosive
      - they have a slippery or soapy feal
      - they have a bitter taste
      - they can conduct electricity
      - they react with acid to produce salt and water
        
        this reaction is called neutralization reaction
- - - - general properties of acid
        
        it has a pH level less than 7
        
        it is corrosive
        
        it turns blue litmus paper red
        
        it can conduct electricity
        
        it has a sour taste
        
        it reacts with metals, carbonates and bases/alkalis
      - chemical reactions of acid
        
        reactions with carbonate
        
        carbonate contains metal or ammonium ions
        
        acids react with carbonate compounds to form salt, water and carbon dioxide
        
        acid + carbonate --> salt + water + carbon dioxide
        
        limewater is used to test for the carbon dioxide produced from the reaction
        
        its a chemical test and the presence of carbon dioxide would have the following observation
        
        limewater turns cloudy /chalky /milky
        
        reaction with metals
        
        acids reacts with metals to form salt and hydrogen
        
        acid + metal --> salt + hydrogen
        
        a lighted splint is used to test for hydrogen gas formed from a reaction
        
        the following results would be
        
        the lighted splint extinguishes
        
        a 'pop' sound would be produced
        
        salts are natural substances
        
        reaction with bases or alkalis
        
        acid reacts with bases or alkalis to form salt and water
        
        it is called neutralization reaction
        
        the solution formed is neutral
        
        acid + base/alkalis --> salt + water
      - uses of acid
        
        ethanoic acid
        
        used in vinegar to preserve food
        
        used in making adhesives such as glue
        
        hydrochloric acid
        
        used in leather processing
        
        removal of rust from iron and steel objects
        
        citric acid
        
        used as preservative and flavoring in foods
        
        nitric acid
        
        used in the production of fertilizers
        
        used to make explosives, plastics and medicinal drugs
        
        sulfuric acid
        
        making detergents, paints and artificial plastics
        
        used in batteries for cars and buses
        
        making fertilizers
- - - - acids has a pH level of less than 7
        
        for acids, the smaller pH value, the stronger the acid is
      - alkalis have pH value of more than 7
        
        for alkalis, the larger pH value, the stronger the alkali is
  - - - only indicate how whether a solution is an acid or alkaline
        
        they do not show how strong or weak an acid or alkaline is
    - - but can also tell us how strong or weak an acid or alkaline is
        
        this means it can tell us if its a strong acid, weak acid, strong alkaline or weak alkaline
  - - - therefore, its important to keep the suitable pH values in our body
        
        in stomach, enzymes perform more efficiently in acidic conditions
        
        in the small intestines, enzymes work well in alkaline conditions
        
        in mouth, enzymes work well in neutral conditions
    - - bc most bacteria do not grow well in acidic conditions
    - - different species of plants grow in different acidity or alkalinity of soil
        
        vegetables such as onion and lettuce grow well in neutral soil
        
        chrysanthemum and water lilies grow better in alkaline soil of pH 8
        
        orchids, strawberry and apples grow better in acidic soil of pH 5