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Opposition to Nazi rule - Coggle Diagram
Opposition to Nazi rule
Opposition from Jehovah’s witnesses
suffered religious persecution in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945 after
refusing to perform military service
join Nazi organizations
give allegiance to the Hitler regime
An estimated 10,000 Witnesses were sent to Nazi concentration camps.
Nazi leaders targeted Jehovah's Witnesses because they were unwilling to accept the authority of the state,
because of their international connections,
and because they were strongly opposed to both war on behalf of a temporal authority and organized government in matters of conscience.
subjected to intense persecution under the Nazi regime
between 1933 and 1945
between 2,000 and 5,000 died in custody,
including 250 who were executed
hey were the first Christian denomination banned by the Nazi government and the most extensively and intensively persecuted
Jehovah's Witnesses could escape persecution and personal harm by renouncing their religious beliefs by signing a document indicating renunciation of their faith, submission to state authority, and support of the German military.
Opposition from Youth / students
The White Rose Group
1942, Munich university (5 students, 1 teacher)
Scholl siblings
secretly distributed leaflets
"White Rose"
Called attention on the crimes Nazis committed
all 6 were guillotined
Edelweiss
edelweiss flower badge
symbolised groups wish to promote lasting German values
12 young members were publically hanged
heroism of members
Swingjugend
"Swinging youth"
passion for American jazz
non-conforming
punk!
"deviants"
charges pressed
Opposition from the Catholic Church
Individuals who opposed:
Clemens von Galen (catholic archbishop of Münster)
Condemned 3rd Reich’s racial laws
Denounced the sterukuzation programme as contrary to the will of God
Hitler was afraid to remove him bc it would provoke a major catholic reaction
Got sent to a concentration camp (after the July Bomb Plot)
Bernard Lichtenberg (Jesuit priest)
Denounced persecution of Jews
Condemned the euthanasia programme
Got arrested in 1941, died in prison in Berlin in 1943
Churches (catholic & Protestant) did not oppose
Reasons:
Need to fight the “Godless Communim”
Desire for an ordered society
Apparent reticence as a subtle form of resistance?
Impact:
Able to maintain an influence on Nazi policies (by appearing to co-operate)
Nazi policies modified or withdrawn
E.g. Abandonment of T4 euthanasia programme
Sometimes Catholic bishops even praised nazis
Anschluss (the re-incorporation of Austria into the Third Reich in 1938):
Thanking God that “through the actions of the National Socialist Movement the danger of godless Bolshevism would be fended off”
Condocrat (agreement with nazis)
Opposition from the Left
Tried to create an anti-Nazi workers' movement by setting up resistance groups in the workplaces
They spread counter-propaganda
supporting persecuted people
attempting to sabotage the armaments industry
Anti-Nazi German People's Front
uniting working class with the prosecuted people
Ostarbeiters and prisoner's of war in a large movement that would overthor the Nazi regime
Between 1942 and 1943
Opposition from the military (from the Right)
Schwartz Kapelle= an 'organization' consisting of mostly German aristocrats or old military officers who shared the hatred and dislike for Hitler
Hitler's assassination attempts mostly consisted of people in the army
Kreisau Circle= a gathering organized by Helmut Von Moltke, a former aristocrat and it consisted of people sharing the concern for the country's future, however no acton taken as participants couldn't come to an agreement on what they should do
The July Bomb plot 1944= Stauffenberg was a colonel in the army and part of the Fuhrer*s strategy meetings, he planned to assassinate Hitler by using a bomb and then make peace with the Allies, However Hitler made it out only injured and no more assassination attempts were made as the people responsible for the plot were executed.
opposition from protestant church
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
didnt like nazi violence and intimitation
protestant pastor
got arrested after july bombing assassination attempt
even though he was a pacifist, he got executed
Martin Niemöller
protestant preacher
Confessional church
defying nazis
hitler arrested him
7 years in camps
CONFESSION CHURCH movement
opposed nazi control over protestant churches
opposed nazi Christian movement
Barmen Declaration (1934)
limited
protestants liked hitlers anti-communism
feared nazi persecution
support for hitler
nationalism
submission to authority
anti-communis,
division
