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Ethics - Y2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Have to give the following -
        
        Aim of the project, time commitment and detail of risk
        
        Data to be collected and methods of collection
        
        Confidentiality and exceptions
        
        Compliance with Data Protection Regulation and Privacy Notice and information to request data destruction
        
        Right to decline to provide information
        
        Right to withdraw with no adverse consequences
        
        Reimbursement or incentives
        
        Name and contact details and insurance indemnity
        
        Planned benefits
        
        Avaliability of results
      - Avoiding coercion -
        
        Dependent on equal relationships or mitigate against impact
        
        High incentives - reimbursement -> payment -> incentives -> coercion
      - Risk - potential physical or psychological harm, discomfort or stress that a research project may generate:
        
        These include risks to the participant’s self esteem, personal social status, privacy, personal values and beliefs, and personal relationships, as well as the adverse effects of the disclosure of illegal, sexual or deviant behaviour
        
        Sensitive topics - sexual behaviour, medical conditions, legal or political behaviour and experiences of violence
        -> Explicit in information sheet what the research will involve
        -> Questionnaires - think about question order
        -> Interviews - build a rapport before asking difficult questions, make sure know can take a break or stop anytime and offer if they become upset, end with less sensitive topics
        
        Risk assessments -
        
        Identify risks
        
        Establish potential harms and persons potentially affected
        
        Evaluate the scale of risks and develop control measures
        
        Document the findings in a protocol
        
        Assess effectiveness by considering -
        -> The magnitude of the potential harms
        -> The likelihood of them happening, then modify as necessary
        
        The interests of individuals should never be subordinated to those of wider society
        
        Vulnerable populations - children, people lacking capacity, in dependent or unequal relationships, learning or communication difficulties, those in care, custody or probation, those who have suffered trauma and people engaging in illegal activities
        
        How to solve -
        -> Informed consent if possible - can say no, look for signs of non consent
        -> Additional checks for researchers e.g. DBS
        -> Consider as part of risk assessment
        -> Consent of gatekeepers e.g. parents
        -> Consider potential coercion e.g. power imbalance in schools
        
        Related guideline - social responsibility and respect for autonomy, privacy and dignity
- - - - Principle 1 - respect for autonomy, privacy, and dignity of individuals, groups and communities:
        
        Fully inform participants
        
        Consent
        
        Anonymity
        
        Fair treatment
        
        Due process
      - Principle 2 - scientific integrity:
        
        Quality
        
        Integrity
        
        Contribution to knowledge
        
        Consideration of potential risks of harm
      - Principle 3 - social responsibility:
        
        Aim to support beneficial outcomes
        
        Work in partnerships
        
        Be aware of responsibilities
        
        Acknowledge problematic nature of research interpretation
      - Principle 4 - Maximising benefit and minimising harm:
        
        Participants and anyone else affected by research
        
        Risk assessments and management protocols
        
        Risks ideally not greater in normal life
        
        Individual cost v potential societal benefit (seek advice to agree)
- - - - Principles -
        
        Lawfulness, fairness and transparency - legal basis (‘public task’ and for special category data ‘archiving, research and statistics)
        
        Purpose limitation
        
        Data minimisation
        
        Accuracy
        
        Storage limitation
        
        Integrity and confidentiality
        
        Accountability
      - Rights of data subjects -
        
        Right to be informed
        
        Right to access
        
        Right to rectification
        
        Right to erasure
        
        Right to restrict processing
        
        Right to data portability
        
        Right to object
        
        Rights in relation to automated decision making and profiling
        
        HRA - rights to access, change and move information is limited as it has to be managed in specific ways for the research to be reliable and accurate; if withdrawn, the information that has been obtained will be kept but to safeguard rights, the minimum amount of personally-identifiable information possible will be used
    - - Anonymise data for storage through participant IDs
        
        Protect data from loss
        
        Protect data from unauthorised access (delete from external servers), use encrypted media for data sharing
        
        Organise data well
        
        Think about publicly sharing data