Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - Coggle Diagram
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Defined by
Progressive loss of kidney function over time
Presented with
Early Stages: Asymptomatic or mild symptoms
Later Stages
Fatigue, weakness
Fluid overload → Edema, hypertension
Electrolyte imbalances → Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis
Uremic symptoms → Nausea, vomiting, pruritus, mental confusion
Diagnosed by
Blood Tests: Serum creatinine, BUN, eGFR
Urinalysis: Proteinuria, hematuria
Imaging: Kidney ultrasound
enal biopsy (if needed for etiology)
Stages (Based on eGFR)
Stage 1: eGFR ≥ 90 (Kidney damage with normal function)
Stage 2: eGFR 60-89 (Mildly decreased function)
Stage 3a: eGFR 45-59 (Mild-to-moderate decrease)
Stage 3b: eGFR 30-44 (Moderate-to-severe decrease)
Stage 4: eGFR 15-29 (Severe decrease)
Stage 5: eGFR < 15 (End-Stage Renal Disease, ESRD)
Caused by
Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetic Nephropathy)
Hypertension (Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis)
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Autoimmune Diseases (e.g., Lupus Nephritis)
Obstructive Uropathy (e.g., kidney stones, tumors)
Complicated with
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Leading cause of death in CKD)
Anemia (↓ Erythropoietin production)
Bone-Mineral Disorder (Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, Renal Osteodystrophy)
Metabolic Acidosis
Hyperkalemia
Fluid overload & Hypertension
Neuropathy & Cognitive Impairment
Pathophysiology
Nephron loss → Compensatory hyperfiltration → Glomerular hypertension
Progressive fibrosis & inflammation
Tubular damage & electrolyte imbalance
Managed by
Lifestyle Changes: Low-sodium, low-protein diet, smoking cessation
Blood Pressure Control: ACE inhibitors/ARBs
Blood Sugar Control (in diabetics)
Management of Anemia & Bone Disorders
Diuretics for fluid overload
Avoid nephrotoxic drugs (NSAIDs, contrast media)
Dialysis (Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis) in ESRD
Kidney Transplant (Definitive Treatment for ESRD)