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Biodiversity 11AEBLY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - use
        
        immobile organisms
        
        plants pretty much
      - big line
      - pros & cons
        
        pros
        
        cons
    - - pros & cons
        
        cons
        
        may be ambiguous to whether an organism is in quadrat or out
        
        can be hard to determine best number of quadrats to use
        
        too many is a waste of time and resources
        
        too little gives an inaccurate measure
      - uses
        
        immobile organisms
      - calculations
        
        area of quadrat
        
        total sample area
    - - pros & cons
        
        cons
        
        marking must be done very carefully to avoid harming organisms or threatening their survival
        
        must be done in a timely manner for accurate results
        
        difficult for k-strategists (such as elephants) unless done over a very long time period
        
        pros
        
        accurate measure of mobile organisms
      - uses
        
        mobile organisms
        
        typically those with a shorter lifespan
  - - - Availability of resources
      - Disease
    - - weather
  - - - represents
        
        symbiotic potential
        
        not realistic
    - - phases
        
        lag phase
        
        growth phase
        
        plateau
      - represents
        
        real population growth as limited by environmental resistance factors
        
        carrying capacity
        
        K
        
        the quantity of a population that an environment can sustainably support
- - - - species as a group of organisms that can breed and produce viable, fertile offspring
      - pros & cons
        
        pros
        
        supports the idea of speciation through reproductive isolation
        
        definitive distinction between species
        
        cons
        
        can't be applied to fossils
        
        can't be applied to asexual organisms
    - - species as a group of organisms that share morphological (physical) traits
        
        pros & cons
        
        pros
        
        applicable to all organisms
        
        cons
        
        can be subjective
        
        organisms may not be related, but have faced similar environmental pressures (resulting in shared adaptations)
    - - the infertile offspring of two organisms of different species, particularly those that are phylogenetically and morphologically similar
  - - - nodes represent common ancestors
    - - the first specimen of a new species which is used as a comparison for other specimens to determine if they are in the same species
        
        other specimens are known as paratypes
  - - - archea
        
        ancient bacteria that survive in extreme conditions
        
        kingdom: archaeobacteria
      - bacteria
        
        more modern bacteria
        
        kingdom: eubacteria
      - eukarya
        
        kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protists
    - - archaebacteria
        
        extremophiles
      - eubacteria
      - animalia
      - plantae
      - fungi
        
        detritivores/decomposers
        
        cell wall made of chitin
      - protista
- - - - species with higher genetic biodiversity tend to be more resilient to environmental factors
  - - - number of species in area
    - - relative abundance of species in area
  - - - gives D – 1
    - - gives D
    - - gives 1/D
      - higher value = higher biodiversity
      - maximum value = number of species in sample
  - - - lost over 70% of its endemic species
      - 1500+ species of endemic plants
    - - 34 classified hotspots
      - identifying hotspots is important for directing conservation efforts
      - helps us to predict the effects of changing environmental factors and human activity on other ecosystems
    - - southwestern WA
      - Madagascar
- - - - marine
      - freshwater
      - estuarine
  - - - temperature
      - water depth
      - water pressure