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Sociology Theory - Coggle Diagram
Sociology Theory
Functionalism
Key words: structural, positivist, macro, consensus
Durkheim- the body acts as a society, with vital organs representing instituions in society that must cooperate for the body to function, without one, it all collapses
Insititutions: media, education, CJS, family, workplace, religion
Society uses humans as puppets on a string, with soceital structures shaping our behavior
Parsons: GAIL paradigm
Goal attainment- the state
Adaption- economy
Intergration- media, education, religion
Latency- family (sustains motivation)
Adaption to social change? structural differentiation= insitutuions specialising to changes. For example, the family used to perform economic roles with generational labour but now new insitutions have emerged
Insitutuions
Family: stabilise adult personality, primary socialisation of children via universalistic standards, internalises value consensus, parental roles, Murdock 4 functions, warm bath
Education: society in mini, role allocation, meritocracy, secondary socialisation, social solidarity,
Feminism
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Liberal feminism
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working with the law to gradually achieve equality, eg equalit act 2010
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Insititiutions
Education: Kelly boys dominate scinece, McRobbie changing jobs, Skelton conform to identity
Family: Ruspini womens moevemnt forces change, Oakely individualism strayed from gender roles
Marxism
Key words: structural, macro, positivist, deterministic
institutions serve needs of capital by working up from the economic base under a false class consciouness
Insitutions
Family: unit of consumption, monogamous family for property inheritance (Engels), maintain social inequality, cushion effects of capitalism (Zaretsky)
Education: hidden curriculum (Bowles), material and culutral deprivation (Washbrook), Berstein codes, Bordieu capitals, myth of meritocracy, ideological state apparatus (Althusser), correspondence principle
CJS- capitalism is criminogenic, Chambliss, law reflects ruling class ideology, selective law enforcement, white collar crime,
relations of production= social linnks between private owners and labourers, ie rich and poor
Science
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Yes
Urry 1982- society exists in an open system with insitutuions as varibales, neverthless it is an analysable systrem
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Bhaskar 1998- many sciences are physically unobservable such as atoms or germs but are still worthy of research, discoverable by their effects, not their tangible forms
Kaplan 1973- many sciences are unsystematic in their research just as sociology can be, with publications often not showing the true process
No
There is no consensus paradigm as there are competing perspectvies with no overaching idea Kuhn 1970
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Ethically, humans can't be maniupulated in lab experiments
Value freedom
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Can it be value free? social facts can be easily separated from values, it can be objective and unbiased, use similar methods to natural science
Social Policy
How does it help us in our lives?
a) awareness of cultural differences
b) self awareness
c) changing assumptions
d) theoretical framework for politics
e) professional knowledge
f) identifying social problems
g) providing the evidence
h) assessing the results
Influences
wider global bodies eg EU, UN
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reserach institutes being assigned to political parties eg Public Policy Research favour labour party
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distortion of research to justify decisions- especailly in prostitution, Mcneill
Social Action
Key words: interpretivist, micro,